Germicidal Apparatuses with Configurations to Selectively Conduct Different Disinfection Modes Interior and Exterior to the Apparatus

ABSTRACT

Apparatuses are provided which include one or more germicidal sources, power circuitry coupled to the germicidal source/s, and a shield. The shield and/or at least one of the germicidal source/s are moveable within the apparatus and the apparatus is configured such that the shield and/or the germicidal source/s may be brought in and out of proximity with the other and upon doing so germicide projected from one or more of the germicidal source/s is either substantially contained in the apparatus or is projected exterior to the apparatus for different disinfection modes of the apparatus. The apparatuses include a processor and processor-executable program instructions for activating the power circuitry to operate the at least one germicidal source when the germicidal source is not encased within the apparatus and for activating the power circuitry to operate at least one germicidal source when the germicidal source/s are encased within the apparatus.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention generally relates to germicidal devices and, morespecifically, to germicidal apparatuses with configurations forselectively conducting different disinfection modes interior andexterior to the apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

The following descriptions and examples are not admitted to be prior artby virtue of their inclusion within this section.

Disinfection of air and surfaces in rooms and areas is becomingincreasingly important as pathogenic microorganisms have been shown tocause infections when present in occupied rooms or areas. This isespecially important as antimicrobial resistant organisms are becomingmore prevalent and increasingly difficult to treat. In general, theobjective of a disinfection process in areas/rooms is to reduce thenumber of pathogenic microorganisms in the air and/or on surfaces in thearea/room to a level which is much less harmful to human health. Inorder to limit or prevent exposure of germicides and/or distractions tooccupants of a room or area, area/room disinfection is typicallyperformed by trained cleaning personnel or by an automated device whichdisperses a germicide into an ambient of a room after the room has beenvacated by the previous occupants. In order to maximize the number ofsurfaces treated but yet minimize the treatment time, the automateddevices are generally configured to distribute a germicide in a spaciousmanner to an ambient of a room or area. For example, some automatedarea/room disinfection devices are configured to distribute a germicide360 degrees around the device. In addition, many automated area/roomdisinfection devices are configured to distribute an effective amount ofgermicide to achieve between a 2-log and 4-log reduction in bacterialcontamination on surfaces within a room or area that are greater than 1meter or even 2 or 3 meters from the device. In any case, in addition todisinfecting surfaces in an area or room, the automated area/roomdisinfection devices innately disinfect some of the air in the area orroom by the dispersion of the germicide from the device to the surfaces.

As noted above, automated area/room disinfection devices are often usedin vacated areas/rooms in order to limit or prevent exposure ofgermicides to individuals. It is often desirable, however, to conductdisinfection processes in occupied rooms without exposing individuals togermicides. Examples of automated disinfection devices and systems whichmay be used in occupied areas and rooms are devices and systems whichare configured to disinfect and circulate air through a room withoutexposing germicides exterior to the devices and systems. For instance,some HVAC systems have an ultraviolet light source within its interiorto disinfect air before being introduced into a room. Furthermore,standalone air disinfection units for individual rooms are known.Moreover, standalone closed system devices exist for disinfecting smallobjects without exposing germicides exterior to the devices. In additionto inhibiting exposure of germicide to their exteriors, many air andobject disinfection devices and systems are configured to optimize theefficiency at which the air/objects are treated, specifically limitingthe distance at which a germicide travels to disinfect an air streamflowing therethrough or an object placed inside the device. Given suchobjectives are contrary to the objectives of most area/room disinfectiondevices as set forth above, all types of disinfection devices/systems(i.e., area/room disinfection devices, contained air disinfectiondevices or systems, and closed system object disinfection devices) aregenerally needed if surface and air disinfection processes are desiredwhen areas or rooms are occupied as well as when the areas or rooms areunoccupied.

Accordingly, it would be beneficial to develop devices and/or systemsthat are usable for disinfection processes when areas or rooms areoccupied and when the areas or rooms are unoccupied. It would be furtherbeneficial to include configurations in such devices and/or systemswhich optimize the efficacies of the different disinfection modes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following description of various embodiments of apparatuses is notto be construed in any way as limiting the subject matter of theappended claims.

Embodiments of apparatuses include one or more germicidal sources, powersupply circuitry coupled to the germicidal source/s, and a shield. Theshield and/or at least one of the germicidal source/s are repositionablewithin the apparatus and the apparatus is configured such that theshield and/or the germicidal source/s may be brought in proximity witheach other and upon doing so germicide projected from the germicidalsource/s is substantially contained in the apparatus. In addition, theshield and/or at least one of the germicidal source/s are repositionablewithin the apparatus and the apparatus is configured such that theshield and/or the germicidal source/s may be brought out of proximitywith each other and upon doing so germicide projected from at least oneof the germicidal source/s is projected exterior to the apparatus. Inaccordance with such germicidal containment and dispersal options forthe apparatuses, the apparatuses further include a processor and astorage medium having program instructions which are executable by theprocessor for activating the power supply circuitry to operate the atleast one germicidal source when the germicidal source is not encasedwithin the apparatus and for activating the power supply circuitry tooperate at least one germicidal source when the germicidal source/s areencased within the apparatus.

In some apparatuses, the shield may be a chamber dimensionallyconfigured to contain the germicidal source/s and/or the shield may beconfigured in accompaniment with other features of the apparatus to forma chamber sufficient to encase the germicidal source/s. In cases inwhich the shield is a chamber, the chamber may be arranged within theapparatus such that a port of the chamber which is dimensionallyconfigured to receive at least one of the germicidal source/s is inlinear alignment with the at least one germicidal source. In suchembodiments, the at least one germicidal source and/or the chamber maybe linearly displaceable within the apparatus such that the germicidalsource/s may be contained within the chamber and the at least onegermicidal source may be at least partially arranged exterior to thechamber for respectively different modes of operation for the apparatus.

Some embodiments of the apparatuses further include a sensor to detectwhether the germicidal source/s and the shield are in proximity witheach other and/or to detect whether the germicidal source/s and theshield are out of proximity with each other. Alternatively stated, theapparatuses may include a sensor to detect whether the germicidalsource/s are encased in the apparatus and/or to detect whether thegermicidal source/s are not encased in the apparatus. In some cases, theapparatuses may include an electronic user interface, a processor, and astorage medium having program instructions which are executable by theprocessor for receiving input from the electronic user interface tostart operation of the apparatus and upon receiving the input,determining from the sensor whether the germicidal source/s are in orout of proximity with each or whether the germicidal source/s areencased in the apparatus or not encased in the apparatus. In some cases,the apparatuses may include program instructions for activating thepower supply circuitry in accordance with different sets of operatingparameters for the apparatus upon respectively determining thegermicidal source/s are encased or are not encased within the apparatus.In apparatuses which include multiple germicidal sources, theapparatuses may additionally or alternatively include programinstructions for activating the power supply circuitry to selectivelyoperate different subsets of the multiple germicidal sources uponrespectively determining the germicidal sources are encased or are notencased within the apparatus.

Some embodiments of the apparatuses may include an electronic userinterface having input controls allowing selection of differentdisinfection modes conducted by the apparatuses, including a firstdisinfection mode for primarily disinfecting a medium inside theapparatuses and a second disinfection mode for primarily disinfecting amedium exterior to the apparatuses. In such cases, the apparatusesfurther include program instructions for receiving input from theelectronic user interface regarding a selected disinfection mode and fordetermining whether the shield and the germicidal source are in or outof proximity with each other. Further to such embodiments, the apparatusmay include program instructions for activating a corrective action forthe germicidal source/s and/or the shield to be repositioned inproximity with the other upon receiving input of the first disinfectionmode and determining the shield and the germicidal source/s are out ofproximity with each other. In addition, the apparatus may includeprogram instructions for activating a corrective action for thegermicidal source/s and/or the shield to be repositioned out ofproximity with the other upon receiving input of the second disinfectionmode and determining the shield and the germicidal source/s are inproximity with each other.

In some cases, the apparatuses may include program instructions foractivating the power supply circuitry in accordance with a predeterminedfirst set of operating parameters for the apparatus upon receiving inputof the first disinfection mode and determining the shield and thegermicidal source/s are in proximity with each other. Moreover, theapparatuses may include program instructions for activating the powersupply circuitry in accordance with a predetermined second set ofoperating parameters for the apparatus different from the first set ofoperating parameters upon receiving input of the second disinfectionmode and determining the shield and the germicidal source/s are out ofproximity with each other. In apparatuses which include multiplegermicidal sources, the apparatuses may include program instructions foradditionally or alternatively activating the power supply circuitry toselectively operate a first subset of a plurality of germicidal sourcesupon receiving input of the first disinfection mode and determining theshield and the germicidal sources are in proximity with each other. Inaddition in such apparatuses, the apparatuses may include programinstructions for activating the power supply circuitry to selectivelyoperate a second subset of the multiple germicidal lamps different fromthe first subset of multiple germicidal lamps upon receiving input ofthe second disinfection mode and determining the shield and thegermicidal sources are out of proximity with each other.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent uponreading the following detailed description and upon reference to theaccompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a disinfection apparatus havingconfigurations to selectively perform a disinfection process interior tothe apparatus and a disinfection process exterior to the apparatus;

FIG. 2 illustrates example program instructions for activating powercircuitry of the apparatuses described herein to operate one or moregermicidal sources of the apparatuses;

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of an example chamber for theapparatus depicted in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example chamber for theapparatus depicted in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example germicidal source assembly for theapparatus depicted in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 illustrates example program instructions for activating fans ofthe apparatuses described herein;

FIG. 7 illustrates example program instructions for controlling air flowregulators of the apparatuses described herein;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example air flow regulator which may be used inthe apparatuses described herein;

FIGS. 9a and 9b illustrate example positions of the air flow regulatordepicted in FIG. 8 relative to an air outlet of an apparatus;

FIG. 10 illustrates another configuration of an air flow regulator whichmay be used in the apparatuses described herein;

FIGS. 11-13 illustrate example configurations of other apparatuseshaving configurations to selectively perform a disinfection processinterior to the apparatus and a disinfection process exterior to theapparatus; and

FIGS. 14-17 illustrate flowcharts of example processes which may beconducted in conjunction with the apparatuses described herein.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that the drawings and detaileddescription thereto are not intended to limit the invention to theparticular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within thespirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appendedclaims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Turning to the drawings, examples of apparatuses used for disinfectingsurfaces, objects and/or air interior to the apparatuses and exterior tothe apparatuses are provided. In particular, FIGS. 1 and 11-13 depictexamples of different apparatuses with configurations for enabling suchinterior and exterior disinfection capability. In addition, FIGS. 3-5and 8-10 illustrate examples of different components which may comprisethe apparatuses and specifically enable such selectivity. As shown inthe drawings, the apparatuses may include processor-executable programinstructions for automated operations of the apparatuses. FIGS. 2, 6, 7,and 14-17 depict flow charts of example processes which may be automatedvia such program instructions. As will be set forth in more detailbelow, the apparatuses and components described herein are not limitedto the depictions in the drawings. Several other configurations ofapparatuses and components may be considered. Furthermore, it is notedthat the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Each of the apparatuses described herein includes a germicidal source.The germicidal source may be any device configured to generate adispersible germicide. In particular, the germicidal source may be anydevice or apparatus configured to generate a germicide in form of aliquid, a vapor, a gas, a plasma or germicidal light. In some cases, agermicidal source may be configured to generate more than one type ofgermicide. As used herein, the term “germicide” refers to an agent fordeactivating or killing microorganisms, particularly disease carryingand/or disease producing microorganisms (a.k.a, germs). The term “kill,”as used herein, means to cause the death of an organism. In contrast,the term “deactivate,” as used herein, means to render an organismunable to reproduce without killing. As such, a germicide which isconfigured to deactivate a microorganism, as used herein, refers to anagent which renders a microorganism unable to reproduce but leaves theorganism alive. Furthermore, the term “germicidal source” as used hereinrefers to a collection of one or more components used to generate anddisperse a germicide. In some embodiments, a germicidal source mayinclude components in addition to the component/s used to generate thegermicide to effect the dispersal of the germicide from the generationcomponent/s. In any case, the apparatus described herein may include anynumber of germicidal sources, depending on the design specifications ofthe apparatus.

In some cases, a germicidal source of the apparatuses described hereinmay be configured to generate a liquid, vapor, gaseous or plasmagermicide that is molecularly configured to deactivate and/or killmicroorganisms. As used herein, the phrase “molecularly configured”refers to the elemental composition of a substance (i.e., the number andtype of atoms making up a substance) to impart the function stated afterthe phrase. In some embodiments, the functionality of a liquid, vapor,gaseous or plasma germicide to deactivate and/or kill a microorganismmay be attributed to the elements constituting the germicide and, thus,such germicides may be referenced as being molecularly configured todeactivate and/or kill microorganisms. This is in contrast to liquid,vapor, gaseous or plasma germicides which impart their deactivationand/or killing functionality by the manner in which they are used. Forexample, boiling water and steam are often effective sterilizing agentsdue to the temperature at which they are employed rather than theirmolecular composition. An example of a gaseous germicide whichdeactivates or kills microorganisms by the manner in which it is used isair at a very high temperature. Furthermore, the germicidaleffectiveness of some plasma germicides is primarily due to the presenceand activity of charged particles making up the plasma rather than themolecular composition of the charged particles.

An example of a gaseous germicide that is molecularly configured to killmicroorganisms is ozone. Examples of plasmas germicides that aremolecularly configured to deactivate or kill microorganisms are thosethat employ or generate reactive oxygen species. Examples of liquid andvapor germicides that are molecularly configured to deactivate or killmicroorganisms include liquid and vapor disinfection solutions having aprinciple disinfection agent such as but not limited to bleach, hydrogenperoxide, chlorine, alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds or ozone. Inany of such cases, the liquid and vapor germicides may be aqueous ornon-aqueous. It is noted that although germicidal sources which areconfigured to generate a liquid, vapor, gaseous or plasma germicide thatis molecularly configured to deactivate or kill microorganisms arediscussed in detail above, the apparatuses considered herein may, insome embodiments, include a germicidal source configured to generate aliquid, vapor, gaseous or plasma germicide which imparts itsdeactivation or killing functionality by the manner in which it is used,such as via boiling water, steam or heated air. In any case, examples ofapparatuses which may be configured to disperse liquid, vapor, gaseous,or plasma germicides include but are not necessarily limited to liquidsprayers, foggers, plasmas torchers and misting systems including wetand dry mist systems. As used herein, the term “mist” refers to asuspension of minute globules of a liquid in a gas. For use herein, agermicidal mist is categorized as a liquid germicide.

As noted above, a germicidal source of the apparatuses described hereinmay, in some embodiments, be a device configured to generate germicidallight. The term “germicidal light” refers to light which is capable ofdeactivating or killing microorganisms, particularly disease carryingand/or disease producing microorganisms (a.k.a., germs). Ranges of lightwhich are known to be germicidal include ultraviolet light betweenapproximately 200 nm and approximately 320 nm, particularly 220 nm andbetween 260 nm and 265 nm, and visible violet-blue light (also known ashigh-intensity narrow-spectrum (HINS) light) between approximately 400nm and approximately 470 nm, particularly 405 nm. In some embodiments, agermicidal light source may generate ranges of light which are notgermicidal such as but not limited to visible light greater thanapproximately 500 nm, but such capability will not deter from thereference of the light sources being germicidal. Examples of germicidallight sources which may be configured to generate ultraviolet lightand/or HINS light include discharge lamps, light emitting diode (LED)solid state devices, and excimer lasers. HINS lamps are generallyconstructed of LEDs.

A discharge lamp as used herein refers to a lamp that generates light bymeans of an internal electrical discharge between electrodes in a gas.The term encompasses gas-discharge lamps, which generate light bysending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas (i.e., a plasma).The term also encompasses surface-discharge lamps, which generate lightby sending an electrical discharge along a surface of a dielectricsubstrate in the presence of a gas, producing a plasma along thesubstrate's surface. As such, the discharge lamps which may beconsidered for the germicidal sources described herein includegas-discharge lamps as well as surface-discharge lamps. Discharge lampsmay be further characterized by the type of gas/es employed and thepressure at which they are operated. The discharge lamps which may beconsidered for the germicidal sources described herein may include thoseof low pressure, medium pressure and high intensity. In addition, thegas/es employed may include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon,nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, mercury vapor,sodium vapor and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, variousadditives and/or other substances may be included in the gas/es. In anycase, the discharge lamps considered for the germicidal sourcesdescribed herein may include those which generate continuous light andthose which generate light in short durations, the latter of which areoften referred to as flashtubes or flashlamps. Flashtubes or flashlampsthat are used to supply recurrent pulses of light are often referred toas pulsed light sources.

A commonly used gas-discharge lamp used to produce continuous light is amercury-vapor lamp, which may be considered for some of the germicidalsources described herein. It emits a strong peak of light at 253.7 nm,which is considered particularly applicable for germicidal disinfectionand, thus, is commonly referenced for ultraviolet germicidal irradiation(UVGI). A commonly used flashlamp which may be considered for thegermicidal sources described herein is a xenon flashtube. In contrast toa mercury-vapor lamp, a xenon flashtube generates a broad spectrum oflight from ultraviolet to infrared and, thus, provides ultraviolet lightin the entire spectrum known to the germicidal (i.e., betweenapproximately 200 nm and approximately 320 nm). In addition, a xenonflashtube can provide relatively sufficient intensity in the spectrumwhich is known to be optimally germicidal (i.e., 220 nm and/or betweenapproximately 260 nm and approximately 265 nm). Moreover, a xenonflashtube generates an extreme amount of heat, which can furthercontribute to the deactivation and/or killing of microorganisms.

Although they are not readily available on the commercial market todate, a surface-discharge lamp may be considered for some of thegermicidal sources described herein as noted above. Similar to a xenonflashtube, a surface-discharge lamp produces ultraviolet light in theentire spectrum known to the germicidal (i.e., between approximately 200nm and approximately 320 nm). In contrast, however, surface-dischargelamps operate at higher energy levels per pulse and, thus, offer greaterUV efficiency as well as longer lamp life as compared to xenonflashtubes. It is noted that the aforementioned descriptions andcomparisons of a mercury-vapor lamp, a xenon flashlamp, and a surfacedischarge lamp in no way restrict the germicidal sources describedherein to include such lamps. Rather, the aforementioned descriptionsand comparisons are merely provided to offer factors which one skilledin the art may contemplate when selecting a discharge lamp for agermicidal source, particularly depending on the objective andapplication of the apparatus.

As noted above, the apparatuses described herein include configurationsfor selectively conducting different disinfection modes exterior andinterior to the apparatus, particularly room/area disinfection processesexterior to the apparatus and object and/or air disinfection processesinterior to the apparatus. As used herein, the term “room/areadisinfection” refers to the cleansing of a space which is suitable forhuman occupancy so as to deactivate, destroy or prevent the growth ofdisease-carrying microorganisms in the area. The phrase “a space whichis suitable for human occupancy” as used herein refers to a space inwhich an adult human being of average size may comfortably occupy for atleast a period of time to eat, sleep, work, lounge, partake in anactivity, or complete a task therein. In some cases, spaces suitable forhuman occupancy may be bounded and include a door for entering andexiting the room. In other cases, a space suitable for human occupancymay be an area with indeterminate boundaries. Examples of spaces whichare suitable for human occupancy include but are not limited to singlepatient rooms, multiple occupancy patient rooms, bathrooms, walk-inclosets, hallways, bedrooms, offices, operating rooms, patientexamination rooms, waiting and/or lounging areas and nursing stations.

Since the apparatuses described herein are specific to being able toperform room/area disinfection processes, the apparatuses includeconfigurations to facilitate room/area disinfection when theirgermicidal sources are arranged to disperse germicide/s exterior to theapparatuses. More specifically, the apparatuses described herein includeconfigurations to distribute an effective amount of germicide in aspacious manner to an ambient of a room in which the apparatus isarranged to maximize the number of surfaces and objects disinfected inthe room. The apparatuses may be of any shape, size, or configuration inwhich to achieve such an objective. For example, a configuration whichmay be considered for the apparatuses described herein is to positionthe germicidal source within the apparatus to distribute a germicideapproximately 360° around the source, such as described in reference toFIGS. 1 and 13. In such cases, the apparatuses may be void of acomponent sufficient to block the germicide approximately 360° aroundthe apparatus such that germicide emitted from the germicidal sourcesubstantially encircles the apparatus. In other embodiments, however,apparatuses having configurations which enable both interior andexterior disinfection modes may be configured to distribute a germicideless than 360° around its exterior during exterior disinfection modes,such as described in reference to FIG. 11.

Yet another configuration for the apparatuses described herein to aid inthe distribution of a germicide in a room or area is for the apparatusto be automated to move through the room or area while the germicidalsource is projecting germicide into an ambient of the room or area. Forinstance, the apparatuses described herein may include motorized wheelsand processor-executable program instructions for activating themotorized wheels in accordance with a predetermined route and/or inresponse to sensors to maneuver around obstacles in the room or areawhile the germicidal source is emitting germicide/s. Other examples ofconfigurations specific to facilitating area/room disinfection which maybe included in the apparatuses described herein are disclosed in U.S.application Ser. No. 13/706,926 filed Dec. 6, 2012 and Ser. No.13/708,208 filed Dec. 7, 2012 and International Application No.PCT/US2014/059698 filed Oct. 8, 2014, all of which are incorporatedherein by reference as if set forth fully herein. Other configurationsof area/room disinfection apparatuses, however, may be additionally oralternatively employed for apparatuses described herein. Furthermore,although the apparatuses described herein are not necessarily bound touse in rooms and areas of a particular size, in some cases theapparatuses described herein may be particularly configured forpartitioned area of at least approximately 4 m³.

In some embodiments, the apparatuses described herein may includeconfigurations to distribute an effective amount of germicide to achievea between a 2-log and 4-log reduction in bacterial contamination onsurfaces within a room or area that are greater than 1 meter or even 2or 3 meters from the germicidal source. Configurations used to generatesuch an effect generally depend on the configuration of the germicidalsource, particularly the size of the germicidal source, the intensityand/or frequency at which the germicide is dispersed and the orientationof the germicidal source in the apparatus. In general, the germicidalsources considered herein may, in some embodiments, be any shape, size,orientation or configuration and may be conducted at parameters toachieve a desired reduction in bacterial contamination on surfaceswithin a room or area that are greater than 1 meter or even 2 or 3meters from the apparatus. An example of an orientation of a germicidalsource which may aid in achieving such an effect is that the germicidalsource may be vertically arranged (e.g., the germicidal source may bearranged lengthwise substantially perpendicular to a horizontal plane ofthe support structure) to aid in distributing the germicide greaterdistances within a room or area.

In some cases, the apparatuses described herein may utilizeconfigurations of other components in the apparatus (i.e., other thanthe configurations of the germicidal source) to aid in achieving adesired reduction in bacterial contamination on surfaces within a roomor area that are greater than 1 meter or even 2 or 3 meters from thegermicidal source. For example, the apparatuses described herein may, insome embodiments, include an actuator coupled to the germicidal sourceand processor-executable program instructions for activating theactuator to move the germicidal source while the germicidal source isprojecting germicide into an ambient of a room or area to aid in thedistribution of germicide in a room or area. More specifically, thegermicidal source may be moved in vertical, horizontal and/or diagonaldirections via the actuator while the germicidal source is projectinggermicide into an ambient of a room or area.

Regardless of any specific germicidal efficacy objective for theapparatuses described herein and the component configurations used toachieve such an objective, a component which is often included in roomdisinfection apparatuses and which may be included in the apparatusesdisclosed herein is a movement detection sensor and/or a room/areaoccupancy sensor, such as a motion sensor, a thermal sensor, a Dopplersensor, or a photo recognition sensor. In particular, the apparatusesdescribed herein may include program instructions to inhibit orterminate activation of a power supply circuit to the germicidal sourceupon detecting movement and/or occupancy in the area/room in which theapparatus is arranged. Additional program instructions utilizinginformation from a movement detection sensor and/or a room/areaoccupancy sensor and which are specific to the configurations of theapparatuses described herein that allow disinfection processes to beperformed interior and exterior to the apparatuses are described belowin reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

Turning to FIG. 1, apparatus 20 is shown having germicidal source 22,chamber 24, power circuitry 26, program instructions 28, processor 30,user interface 32, remote user interface 34, base 36 as well as sensors38 and 48. In general, power circuitry 26, program instructions 28,processor 30, user interface 32, remote user interface 34 and sensors38/48 may be in electrical communication with each other (via wired orwireless connections) to affect operations of the apparatus. Forinstance, power circuitry 26 is electrically coupled to germicidalsource 22 to operate the germicidal source to generate a germicide andpower circuitry 26 is further electrically coupled to processor 30, userinterface 32, remote user interface 34 and/or sensors 38/48 to affectthe timing at which to operate germicidal source 22. In addition,processor 30 is electrically coupled to program instructions 28 suchthat the program instructions may be executed by the processor and, inaddition, processor 30 is electrically coupled to user interface 32,remote user interface 34 and/or sensors 38/48 to affect operations ofsuch components in accordance with program instructions 28. Otherelectrical connections may be included in the apparatus 20 between anyof the noted components and other components of apparatus 20 to affectoperations thereof, particularly to affect the operations described inreference to FIGS. 1-17. For example, power circuitry 26, processor 30,user interface 32, remote user interface 34 and/or sensors 38/48 may bein electrical communication with an air moving device, an air flowregulator, an actuator, other sensors, other germicidal sources or anyother components optionally included in the apparatus to affect theoperation of the components.

The term “program instructions,” as used herein, refers to commandswithin software which are configured to perform a particular function,such as any of the processes described in reference to FIGS. 2, 6, 7 and14-17. Program instructions 28 may be implemented in any of variousways, including procedure-based techniques, component-based techniques,and/or object-oriented techniques, among others. For example, programinstructions 28 may be implemented using ActiveX controls, C++ objects,JavaBeans, Microsoft Foundation Classes (“MFC”), or other technologiesor methodologies, as desired. Program instructions 28 may be transmittedover or on a carrier medium such as a wire, cable, or wirelesstransmission link. It is noted program instructions 28 may includeprogram instructions for performing processes other than thosespecifically described herein and, therefore, the apparatuses describedherein are not limited to having program instructions for performing theoperations described in reference to FIGS. 2, 6, 7 and 14-17. Ingeneral, program instructions 28 may be stored with a storage mediumwithin the apparatuses described herein. The term “storage medium”, asused herein, refers to any electronic medium configured to hold one ormore set of program instructions, such as but not limited to a read-onlymemory, a random access memory, a magnetic or optical disk, or magnetictape.

As shown in FIG. 1, germicidal source 22 may be supported and moveablein and out of chamber 24 via support members 40. In particular, supportmembers 40 may be coupled to a lower portion of germicidal source 22 andmay be configured to draw germicidal source 22 into chamber 24 asdenoted by the dotted line version of germicidal source 22 and thedoubled arrow vertical line adjacent germicidal source 22 in FIG. 1. Ingeneral, apparatus 20 may include any number of support members tosupport and/or move germicidal source 22 and, thus, apparatus 20 neednot be limited to having two support members 40 as shown in FIG. 1.Furthermore, apparatus 20 need not be limited to having support memberscoupled to the bottom of germicidal source 22 as shown in FIG. 1. Inparticular, apparatus 20 may additionally or alternatively includecomponents coupled to and/or configured to engage the sidewalls and/ortop surfaces of germicidal source 22 to support and/or affect itsmovement in and out of chamber 24. For instance, germicidal source 22and chamber 24 may respectively include engageable notches andprotrusions or vice versa to support and affect movement of germicidalsource 22 in and out of chamber 24. In addition or alternatively,apparatus 20 may include a component coupled to the top portion ofgermicidal source 22 to support the germicidal source and, in somecases, to offer a manner in which to pull and push the germicidal sourcein and out of chamber 24. In any case, components used to affectmovement of germicidal source 22 may be configured in any manner knownto achieve such a function, such as but not limited to displaceablecomponents (e.g., rigid unmalleable bars which may be displaced withinapparatus 20), retractable (i.e., collapsible or nestable) bars, andsliding tracks. In some cases, an actuator (i.e., a motorized component)may be used to affect automated movement of germicidal source 22.However, in other cases, movement of germicidal source 22 may bemanually affected by a user of apparatus 20.

As denoted by the double arrow vertical line adjacent chamber 24 in FIG.1, apparatus 20 may, in some cases, be configured to move chamber 24 upand down. Such a configuration may be in addition to or alternative tohaving a component to affect the movement of germicidal source 22 withinapparatus 20. In particular, apparatus 20 need not be restricted tohaving germicidal source 22 displaceable in order to contain it andextend it out of chamber 24. Rather, apparatus 20 may additionally oralternatively include configurations to move chamber 24 up and down suchthat germicidal source 22 may be encased therein for at least one modeof operation of apparatus 20 as well as have at least a portion thereofextend exterior to the chamber for at least a different mode ofoperation of apparatus 20. Configurations to allow movement of chamber24 within apparatus 20 may include any configuration known to achievesuch a function, such as but not limited to displaceable componentscoupled to the bottom, sides and/or top of chamber 24, retractable barscoupled to the bottom, sides and/or top of chamber 24, sliding tracksbetween the sides of chamber 24 and germicidal source 22, and/or slidingtracks between the sides of chamber 24 and a component coupled to theexterior of chamber 24. In some cases, an actuator (i.e., a motorizedcomponent) may be used to affect automated movement of chamber 24.However, in other cases, movement of chamber 24 may be manually affectedby a user of apparatus 20.

Regardless of whether chamber 24 and/or germicidal source 22 isconfigured to move within apparatus 20, the movement of germicidalsource 22 and/or chamber 24 is to either contain the germicidal source22 within chamber 24 or extend germicidal source 22 outside of chamber24. As set forth in more detail below, in embodiments in whichgermicidal source 22 is contained within chamber 24, the movementgermicidal source 22 and/or chamber 24 may concurrently encase thegermicidal source within the chamber. In particular, apparatus 20 may,in some embodiments, be configured such that germicidal source 22 isencased within chamber 24 upon being contained therein (e.g., viaclosure of a door over port 42 or an upper portion of a housingcomprising germicidal source 22 sealing port 42). In other cases,encasing chamber 24 may be conducted after germicidal source 22 iscontained therein. As used herein, the term “contained” refers toresiding within the boundaries of storage unit. On the contrary, theterm “encased” refers to being enclosed. Furthermore, it is notedgermicidal source 22 may be partially or fully extended outside ofchamber 24 for disinfection processes conducted exterior to apparatus20. In particular, all of germicidal source 22 or only a portion ofgermicidal source 22 may be positioned exterior to chamber 24 forarea/room disinfection processes conducted by the apparatus.

As shown in FIG. 1 and noted above, apparatus 20 may include base 36. Ingeneral, base 36 may be configured to support chamber 24 and/or supportmembers 40. Any configuration known to achieve such function may be usedfor base 36, including but not limited to a plate, an annular ring, or aset of support legs (e.g., similar to legs of a table). Inclusion ofbase 36 may be particularly useful in embodiments in which apparatus 20includes configurations to move chamber 24. However, base 36 may stillbe useful in apparatus 20 in embodiments in which apparatus 20 is notconfigured to move chamber 24. For example, in some of such lattercases, base 36 may form a part (i.e., the floor) of chamber 24. Inaddition or alternatively and regardless of whether apparatus isconfigured to move chamber 24, base 36 may be configured such that theheight of apparatus 20 may be within design specifications, particularlyif the size of chamber 24 is restricted to limit the distance at which agermicide travels to disinfect an air stream flowing therethrough or anobject placed inside the chamber as described in more detail below. Inyet some cases, however, base 36 may be omitted from apparatus 20. Inparticular, chamber 24 may serve as a base for apparatus 20 in someembodiments. In any case, optional features for the apparatusesconsidered herein include wheels and/or a handle to affect portabilityfor the apparatus and either may be coupled to chamber 24, base 36 orany other component of apparatus 20, depending on the designspecifications of the apparatus.

As shown in FIG. 1, power circuitry 26, program instructions 28,processor 30 and user interface 32 may be arranged in chamber 24. Insome embodiments, however, it may be advantageous to arrange one or moreof power circuitry 26, program instructions 28, processor 30 and userinterface 32 in base 36 or a different structure of apparatus 20distinct from chamber 24 (such as a structure arranged adjacent to orabove chamber 24) to avoid exposure of such components to a germicidegenerated by germicidal source 22 or byproducts of the germicidegeneration. For example, in embodiments in which germicidal source 22 isan ultraviolet (UV) lamp, the UV light and the heat generated from thelamp may degrade power circuitry 26, program instructions 28, processor30 and user interface 32 or even housings storing such components inchamber 24. Likewise, in embodiments in which germicidal source 22 is asource of a chemical vapor, liquid, and/or gas (e.g., hydrogen peroxidevapor), exposure of the chemical and/or moisture generated from the lampmay degrade power circuitry 26, program instructions 28, processor 30and user interface 32 or even housings storing such components inchamber 24. Alternatively, power circuitry 26, program instructions 28,processor 30 and/or user interface 32 may be stored in housings inchamber 24 which are configured to withstand the heat, moisture andchemicals generated by germicidal source 22.

In some cases, the generation of heat and moisture as well as chemicaldispersion within chamber 24 may be detrimental to chamber 24 itself. Inaddition, heat and moisture may reduce the germicidal efficacy ofgermicidal source 22 within chamber 24. Thus, chamber 24 may, in somecases, include configurations to dissipate or remove heat, moisture andchemicals generated by germicidal source 22 regardless of whether powercircuitry 26, program instructions 28, processor 30 and/or userinterface 32 are arranged therein. For example, chamber 24 may, in someembodiments, include heat shields within its interior and/or along oneor more its exterior sidewalls to avoid the exterior of chamber 24 fromgetting too hot, particularly too hot to touch. In addition oralternatively, chamber 24 may include one or more heat sinks within itsinterior and/or along one or more its exterior sidewalls. Furthermore,chamber 24 may, in some cases, include a cooling device within itsinterior for reducing the temperature therein. Moreover, chamber 24 mayadditionally or alternatively include a dehumidifier and/or the interiorsidewalls of chamber 24 may additionally or alternatively comprisechemically resistant materials. Moreover, chamber 24 may additionally oralternatively include filtered outlets to discharge heat, moisture andchemicals dispersed therein. In cases in which chemical vapor, gases orliquids are generated in chamber 24, the filtered outlets may includefilters to capture and/or neutralize hazardous elements/components ofthe chemical/s.

Regardless of whether chamber 24 includes configurations to dissipate orremove heat, moisture and chemicals generated by germicidal source 22therein, apparatus 20 is configured such that germicide projected fromgermicidal source 22 is substantially contained in chamber 24 whengermicidal source 22 is encased in the chamber. Such configurations ofapparatus 20 may include configurations of chamber 24 to contain thegermicide. For example, the sidewalls of chamber 24 may be made of solidimpervious material/s and the seams adjoining the sidewalls of chamber24 may be sealed. In addition, any air inlets and air outlets of chamber24 (which as described in more detail below affect apparatus 20 toconduct air disinfection within chamber 24) may include filters by whichto prevent the release of germicide therethrough. Furthermore, asdescribed in more detail below in reference to FIG. 3, chamber 24 may,in some cases, include a door at port 42 and/or a door at a loading portthrough which objects may be loaded for an object disinfection processwithin chamber 24. In such cases, the door/s may be configured tosubstantially prevent release of the germicide projected from germicidalsource 22 when the germicidal source is contained in the chamber and thedoor/s are closed. In other cases, chamber 24 may, in some embodiments,include a seal at port 42 through which germicidal source 22 or thehousing containing germicidal source 22 may slidingly pass upon movingthe germicidal source and/or the chamber to affect the germicidal sourcein and out of the chamber. In such cases, chamber 24 and/or germicidalsource 22 may be configured to terminate its movement for interiordisinfection processes such that an upper portion of the housingcomprising germicidal source 22 is in contact with the seal at port 42to encase the germicidal source within chamber 24.

In some cases, configurations of apparatus 20 to substantially containgermicide projected from germicidal source 22 in chamber 24 whengermicidal source 22 is encased in the chamber may includeconfigurations of other components of apparatus 20 (i.e., other thanchamber 24). For example, the top portion of germicidal source 22 or thehousing comprising germicidal source 22 may include a seal along itsexterior sidewalls (particularly around its top surface) which comesinto contact with port 42 when the germicidal source is positionedwithin chamber 24. In such cases, chamber 24 and/or germicidal source 22may be configured to terminate its movement for interior disinfectionprocesses such that the seal is in contact with port 42 to encase thegermicidal source within chamber 24. In addition or alternatively,apparatus 20 may include a component disposed above germicidal source 22with portions which mate with exterior portions of chamber 24 adjacentto port 42, such as described in more detail below in reference to FIG.5.

In some cases, chamber 24 may be opaque, particularly in embodiments inwhich germicidal source 22 includes a germicidal lamp which producesvery bright visible light and/or is a pulsed light source run at a pulsefrequency between approximately 3 Hz and approximately 50 Hz (i.e., thefrequency range which is generally considered to induce seizures). Xenonflashlamps are often run at parameters which induce one or both of theseeffects and, thus, it may be advantageous for chamber 24 to be opaquewhen germicidal source 22 is a xenon flashlamp, depending on theparameters at which the flashlamp is operated. In other embodiments,however, chamber 24 may be transparent to visible light (e.g., chamber24 may be made of glass), even in embodiments in which germicidal source22 includes a xenon flashlamp. In particular, it has been found thatxenon flashlamps run at frequencies of 50 Hz and greater generate lightat an intensity which is not generally considered disturbing and, thus,germicidal source 22 may, in some cases, include a xenon flashlamp (orany other type of germicidal source) when chamber 24 is transparent tovisible light. A description of xenon flashlamps run at frequencies of50 Hz and greater as well as other configurations of lamp assembliesconfigured to produce a collective stream of continuous visible light ora collective stream of visible light pulsed at a frequency greater than50 Hz are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 62/052,036 filedon Sep. 18, 2014, which is incorporated by reference as if set forthfully herein. It is noted that any of the lamps and systems of lampsdescribed in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 62/052,036 may be used asa germicidal source for the apparatuses described herein.

As described above, germicidal source 22 and/or chamber 24 may berepositionable within apparatus 20 and, more specifically, may belinearly displaceable within apparatus 20 such that germicidal source 22may be contained within chamber and may be at least partially arrangedexterior to the chamber for respectively different modes of operationfor the apparatus. As further described above, the different modes ofoperation are room/area disinfection processes conducted exterior to theapparatus and object and/or air disinfection processes conductedinterior to the apparatus. To facilitate such dual functionality,chamber 24 includes port 42 in linear alignment with germicidal source22 and which is dimensionally configured to receive germicidal source22. In addition, program instructions 28 include code executable byprocessor 30 for activating power circuitry 26 to operate germicidalsource 22 when the germicidal source extends outside chamber 24 as shownby projected germicide 44 in FIG. 1 and by block 50 in FIG. 2 whichdepicts some of the instructions that may be included in programinstructions 28. Furthermore, program instructions 28 includes codeexecutable by processor 30 for activating power circuitry 26 to operategermicidal source 22 when the germicidal source is encased withinchamber 24 as shown by projected germicide 46 in FIG. 1 and by block 60in FIG. 2. In some cases, program instructions 28 may include codeexecutable by processor 30 for activating power circuitry 26 to operategermicidal source 22 when the germicidal source extends outside chamber24 by a predetermined distance for safety precautions and/or or toensure optimum germicide dispersal for room/area disinfection processes.

In some embodiments, program instructions 28 for activating powercircuitry 26 when germicidal source 22 extends outside chamber 24 mayinclude the same instructions for operating germicidal source 22 as theprogram instructions for activating power circuitry 26 when germicidalsource 22 is encased in chamber 24. In other cases, however, programinstructions 28 may include different instructions for activating powercircuitry 26 in relation to whether germicidal source 22 extends outsidechamber 24 or in encased in chamber 24. For example, programinstructions 28 may, in some embodiments, include code executable byprocessor 30 for activating power circuitry 26 to respectively supplydifferent amounts of power to germicidal source 22 when germicidalsource 22 is not encased with chamber 24 and when germicidal source 22is encased with chamber 24 as respectively denoted in blocks 52 and 62of FIG. 2. In particular embodiments, program instructions 28 mayinclude code executable by processor 30 for activating power circuitry26 to supply a lower amount of power to germicidal source 22 whengermicidal source 22 is encased with chamber 24 than when germicidalsource 22 is not encased with chamber 24. In particular, the air andobject disinfection processes conducted within chamber 24 have a muchshorter distance requirements to disinfect their target medium thanroom/area disinfection processes conducted when germicidal source 22 isexterior to chamber 24, and, thus, the germicide need not be projectedat as high of an intensity.

Another variation regarding the activation of power circuitry 26 tosupply power to germicidal source 22 when the germicidal source is notencased or is encased within chamber 24 includes a variation in theduration the power circuitry 26 is activated as respectively denoted inblocks 54 and 64 of FIG. 2. In particular, an object disinfectionprocess within chamber 24 may require less time to achieve a desiredreduction in bacterial contamination on objects within chamber 24 versusa room/area disinfection process. As such, program instructions 28 may,in some embodiments, include code executable by processor 30 foractivating power circuitry 26 to supply power to germicidal source 22for a shorter amount of time when germicidal source 22 is encased withchamber 24 than when germicidal source 22 is not encased with chamber24. In yet other embodiments, program instructions 28 may include codeexecutable by processor 30 for activating power circuitry 26 to supplypower to germicidal source 22 for a longer amount of time whengermicidal source 22 is encased with chamber 24 than when germicidalsource 22 is not encased with chamber 24. In particular, an airdisinfection process conducted interior to an apparatus may be run for alonger duration than an area/room disinfection process conductedexterior to an apparatus since the volume of air disinfected for a givenamount of time during an interior air disinfection process isconsiderably less than in an exterior area/room disinfection process.

Yet another variation regarding the activation of power circuitry 26 tosupply power to germicidal source 22 when the germicidal source is notencased or is encased within chamber 24 includes a variation in thepulse frequency at which power circuitry 26 operates a flashlamp (i.e.,when germicidal source 22 is a flashlamp) as respectively denoted inblocks 56 and 66 of FIG. 2. In particular, as noted above, the germicideprojected for air and object disinfection processes conducted withinchamber 24 need not be as intense as room/area disinfection processesconducted when germicidal source 22 is exterior to chamber 24. Lowerintensity pulses in flashlamps generally allow flashlamps to be pulsedat higher frequencies since less accumulated energy is needed. Given therelatively small volume of space within chamber 24 for air and objectdisinfection processes, higher frequencies of germicidal light mayshorten the time at which to achieve a desired disinfection objectiveand/or may increase germicidal efficacy for such processes. Thus,program instructions 28 may, in some embodiments, include codeexecutable by processor 30 for activating power circuitry 26 to apply atrigger voltage to germicidal source 22 at a higher frequency whengermicidal source 22 is encased with chamber 24 than when germicidalsource 22 is not encased with chamber 24.

In any case, apparatus 20 may include sensor 38 to determine whethergermicidal source 22 is encased within chamber 24 and/or to determinewhether germicidal source 22 is not encased within chamber 24. Forexample, sensor 38 may, in some embodiments, be fixedly arranged withinchamber 24 at a location such that when germicidal source 22 comes intocontact with sensor 38, the germicidal source 22 is contained in chamber24. In such cases, sensor 38 may be arranged at a location which furtherindicates germicidal source 22 is not contained in chamber 24 whengermicidal source 22 is not in contact with the sensor. In other cases,sensor 38 may be attached to germicidal source 22 and configured totouch contacts disposed within or on chamber 24 at locations whichrespectively indicate germicidal source 22 is encased and not encasedwithin the chamber such as shown in FIG. 1. Further yet, sensor 38 maybe disposed within or exterior to chamber 24 at a location wherein upontouching a contact on germicidal source 22, at least a portion of thegermicidal source extends out of the chamber and, in some cases, by apredetermined distance. It is noted that the aforementionedconfigurations of sensor 38 are examples and other configurations ofsensors and/or sensor systems may additionally or alternatively employedwithin apparatus 20 to determine whether germicidal source 22 is encasedwithin chamber 24 and/or to determine whether germicidal source 22 isnot encased within chamber 24. For example, sensor 38 is not limited tocontact sensor technology, but rather could include light beam sensortechnology or other types of sensors.

As noted above, apparatus 20 may further include sensor 48. Sensor 48 isa sensor configured to detect movement and/or room/area occupancy withinan ambient of apparatus 20, such as a motion sensor, a thermal sensor, aDoppler sensor, or a photo recognition sensor. Although sensor 48 isshown attached to base 36 in FIG. 1, apparatus 20 is not limited to suchplacement. In particular, sensor 48 may be coupled to any portion ofapparatus 20. Furthermore, apparatus 20 is not limited to having asingle motion and/or room/area occupancy sensor. Rather, apparatus 20may include multiple motion and/or room/area occupancy sensors in someembodiments, all of which may be of the same type or may includedifferent types.

As shown in FIG. 1 and mentioned above, apparatus 20 may include userinterface 32 and, in some cases, remote user interface 34. Remote userinterface 34 may be integrated into a variety of devices including butnot limited to hand held communication devices (i.e., pagers,telephones, etc.) and computers. In general, user interface 32 andremote user interface 34 may include input controls to affect operationof apparatus 20, such as but not limited to a start and stop button toenable a user to start and terminate an operation of apparatus 20.Configurations for input controls to affect operation of apparatus 20 aswell as configurations to input other information into user interface 32and remote user interface 34 may include any of those known in the art,including but not limited to touch sensor means, audible means, andgraphical user interfaces. As set forth in more detail below, userinterface 32 and/or remote user interface 34 may, in some embodiments,include input controls allowing selection of different disinfectionmodes conducted by the apparatus. In particular, user interface 32and/or remote user interface 34 may include input controls allowingselection of a disinfection mode for primarily disinfecting a medium(such as objects and/or air) inside chamber 24 and further adisinfection mode for primarily disinfecting a medium exterior tochamber 24.

In any case, user interface 32, and in some cases remote user interface34, may additionally be configured to receive signals and outputinformation pertaining to such signals to a user in informative manner.Configurations to output the information may include any visual displayor audible means known in the art. Examples of information output byuser interface 32 and/or remote user interface 34 may include but arenot limited to notices to move germicidal source 22 and/or chamber 24 toa position to affect a particular disinfection mode. In other cases,movement of germicidal source 22 and/or chamber 24 may be automated andmay be activated in response to a selected disinfection mode via userinterface 32 and/or remote user interface 34.

As described above, apparatus 20 is configured to allow different modesof operation to be conducted, specifically room/area disinfectionprocesses exterior to the apparatus and object and/or air disinfectionprocesses interior to the apparatus. Some of such configurationsinclude, as described above, configurations of germicidal source 22and/or other components of apparatus 20 to distribute an effectiveamount of light in a spacious manner to an ambient of a room whengermicidal source 22 is exterior to chamber 24. Additionalconfigurations, as described above, include a port within chamber 24 toreceive germicidal source 22 and program instructions 28 for activatingpower circuitry 26 to operate germicidal source 22 when the germicidalsource is either encased within chamber 24 or exterior to the chamber.Other configurations particularly to facilitate object and/or airdisinfection processes interior to the apparatus are shown and describedin reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

In particular, FIG. 3 illustrates an example configuration of chamber 24including loading port 70 and door 72 for the loading of objects intothe interior of chamber 24. In some cases, chamber 24 may includeshelves 74 as shown in FIG. 3 or some other support structure (e.g.,perforated basket/s) within its interior for objects to be placed on.Any number of support structures (e.g., shelves and/or baskets) may beused. In some embodiments, particularly when germicidal source 22includes a germicidal light source, the support structures may be madeof a material transparent to the germicidal light generated bygermicidal source 22 such that surfaces in contact with the supportstructures may be disinfected. In any case, the support structures maybe arranged anywhere within chamber 24 except the region whichgermicidal source 22 is to occupy. In some embodiments, supportstructures may be attached to the interior side of door 72. In any case,chamber 24 may, in some embodiments, include multiple loading ports andaccompanying doors, particularly on different sides of chamber 24. Forexample, chamber 24 may, in some cases, include loading ports andaccompanying doors on opposing sides of the chamber. It is noted thatalthough door 72 is shown as a hinged door, the apparatuses describedherein are so limited. In particular, door 72 may alternatively be asliding door or a removable lid. Similarly, door 76 shown in FIG. 3 overport 42 may be a hinged or sliding door or a removable lid. In any case,door 72 and/or door 76 may be manually actuated and/or apparatus 20 mayinclude one or more actuators to automate movement of the doors.

Yet another configuration to facilitate air disinfection processesinterior to apparatus 20 is to include an air moving device within thechamber such as shown in the example configuration of chamber 24 in FIG.4. In particular, FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of theinterior of chamber 24 including air moving device 80 and air outlets82. In general, air moving device 80 is configured to drawn in air fromthe ambient of apparatus 20 and air outlets 82 include filters toprevent germicide generated from germicidal source 22 inside chamber 24from escaping chamber 24. Air moving device 80 in chamber 24 of FIG. 4is arranged within or is in alignment with an air inlet of chamber 24.In other embodiments, however, air moving device 80 may be arrangedapart from air inlet/s to chamber 24. For example, air moving device 80may be arranged adjacent to air outlets 82. Furthermore, the placementof air inlet/s, air moving device 80 and air outlets 82 as well as thequantity thereof in chamber 24 may differ from what is depicted in FIG.4. In particular, chamber 24 may include any number of air inlets, airmoving devices and air outlets and they may be arranged at any locationalong the sidewalls, floor and ceiling of chamber 24, depending on thedesign specifications of chamber 24 and apparatus 20.

It is further noted when air moving device 80 and/or an air inlet isarranged within the floor of chamber 24, apparatus 20 is configured suchthat air moving device 80 and/or the air inlet can readily access anddraw in air from an ambient of the apparatus. For example, base 36, insuch cases, may be annular and suspended above a floor of a room/area inwhich the apparatus is arranged or base 36 may include a set of supportlegs (e.g., similar to legs of a table). Alternatively, chamber 24 maybe suspended above base 36. In any case, filtering air coming intochamber 24 may improve the germicidal efficacy of germicidal source 22in chamber 24 and, thus, in some embodiments, the air inlet/s of chamber24 may include filters. In some cases, apparatus 20 may includedehumidifiers and/or cooling devices within chamber 24 and/or adjacentto air inlet/s of chamber 24 (i.e., adjacent the air intake or airouttake of the inlet/s) to control the humidity and temperature of theair disinfected in the chamber by germicidal source 22. In particular,controlling the humidity and/or temperature may improve the germicidalefficacy of germicidal source 22 in chamber 24 in addition to oralternative to removal of particulate material in the air by a filter.In any case, air moving device 80 may include any device configured tocause air to flow, including but not limited to a fan or a turbine. Incases in which a turbine is used in the apparatuses described herein,the turbine may be used to supply power to one or more components of theapparatuses, including any of the components described herein or abattery of the apparatus.

FIG. 4 further illustrates a variation to door 76 of FIG. 3 for closingport 42 when germicidal source 22 is contained in chamber 24. Inparticular, FIG. 4 illustrates seal 84 along the circumference of port42. As described above, a housing comprising germicidal source 22 mayslidingly pass through port 42 against seal 84 upon being drawn intochamber 24. In such cases, apparatus 20 may be configured such that anupper portion of the housing is in contact with seal 84 such that port42 is closed when germicidal source 22 has been placed in positionwithin chamber 24 to conduct an air and/or object disinfection process.In some embodiments, the device used to close port 42 (such as a door asdescribed above in reference to FIG. 3 or an upper portion of a housingcomprising germicidal source 22 as described in more detail below inreference to FIG. 4) may include an air outlet with a filter to preventgermicide from escaping chamber 24. In cases in which germicidal source22 includes an ultraviolet lamp, the device used to close port 42 mayinclude an ozone filter, such as described below in reference to FIG. 5.

In some embodiments, chamber 24 may include a plenum extending betweenport 42 and the opposing side of chamber 24 when air moving device 80and/or an air inlet is arranged in the vicinity of the opposing side ofchamber 24. In general, the plenum is sized to accommodate germicidalsource 22 as well as a finite amount of space along the length of thegermicidal source such that air may be routed in close proximity to thegermicidal source. Having such a plenum in chamber 24 will reduce thevolume of air disinfected for a given flow rate of air through thechamber, but may offer higher germicidal efficacy as comparedembodiments in which a plenum is not used. In cases in which germicidalsource 22 includes a germicidal light source, the plenum may be made ofa material transparent to the germicidal light generated by germicidalsource 22 such that objects placed in chamber 24 exterior to the plenummay be disinfected at the same time air is disinfected within theplenum.

Segregating portions of chamber 24 for air disinfection and objectiondisinfection via plenum may be advantageous in some cases to preventobjects from being displaced by the air flow through the chamber. Inparticular, in some cases, the air flow through chamber 24 may be highenough to move objects placed within chamber 24 and, in someembodiments, the movement of the objects may be great enough to damagethe objects, the chamber and/or germicidal source 22. In yet otherembodiments, however, chamber 24 may not include a plenum. Inparticular, the air flow through chamber 24 may not be great enough tomove objects therein or chamber 24 may not be used for objectdisinfection. In yet other cases, germicidal source 22 may include aplenum as part of a housing surrounding its source of germicide, such asdescribed below in reference to the example configuration of germicidalsource 22 in FIG. 5.

It is noted that any of the features depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4 may becombined and/or variations of the features may be employed. For example,chamber 24 may, in some cases, have a loading port, a door and an airmoving device. In addition or alternatively, chamber 24 may have shelvesof different size, shape or orientation than what is depicted in FIG. 3.Consequently, chamber 24 is not limited to the depictions of FIGS. 3 and4. Furthermore, it is noted that any of the components described in FIG.1 for chamber 24 may be included in the configurations described inreference FIGS. 3 and 4. For instance, any of the chamber configurationsdescribed in reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 may include power circuitry 26,program instructions 28, processor 30, user interface 32, sensors 38,and/or support member 42. The noted components are not shown in FIGS. 3and 4 to simplify the drawings, particularly to emphasize componentconfigurations which may facilitate object and/or air disinfectionprocesses interior to the apparatus.

As noted above, FIG. 5 illustrates a configuration of germicidal source22 having a plenum as part of a housing surrounding its source ofgermicide. More specifically, FIG. 5 illustrates an exampleconfiguration of germicidal source 22 having germicidal light source 90disposed within circumjacent barrier 92 and between air inlet 91 and airmoving device 94, forming plenum 93 around germicidal light source 90.Circumjacent barrier 92 is made of a material transparent to thegermicidal light generated by germicidal light source 90 such that thegermicidal light may be transmitted exterior to germicidal source 22.Air moving device 94 draws air into plenum 93 through air inlet 91 anddischarges through air outlet 96. In an alternative embodiment, airmoving device 94 may be arranged in proximity to air inlet 91. In anycase, air inlet 91 may include a filter to remove particular matter froman incoming air stream. As noted above in reference to FIG. 4, removalparticulate material from air may improve the germicidal efficacy of anair disinfection process performed within apparatus 20. Similar to theair inlets described in reference to chamber 24 of FIG. 4, germicidalsource 22 may, in some cases, include dehumidifiers and/or coolingdevices adjacent to its air inlet (i.e., adjacent the air intake or airouttake of the inlet) to control the humidity and temperature of theincoming air to improve the germicidal efficacy of germicidal source 22in addition to or alternative to removal of particulate material in theair by a filter.

In some cases, air outlet 96 may include an ozone reducing device, suchas a carbon filter or a device which produces free radicals catalyststhat covert ozone to diatomic oxygen. In particular, ozone may, in somecases, be created as a byproduct from the use of germicidal light source92, specifically if the lamp generates ultraviolet light of wavelengthsshorter than approximately 240 nm since such a spectrum of UV lightcauses oxygen atoms of oxygen molecules to dissociate, starting theozone generation process. Ozone is a known health and air quality hazardand, thus, the release of it by devices is regulated. It is also knownthat ozone is an effective germicidal agent and deodorizer and, thus, ifthe amount of ozone to be generated by a discharge lamp is lower thanthe local/regional exposure limits for ozone, it may be beneficial toexclude an ozone reducing device from air outlet 96. In yet other cases,air outlet 96 may have a portion with an ozone reducing device and aportion without an ozone reducing device and further an air flowregulator to respectively route air through the different portionsdepending on operating parameters and/or modes of disinfection processesemployed by apparatus 20. Examples of air outlets having such featuresare described in more detail below in reference to FIGS. 9a -10.

Regardless of whether air outlet 96 includes an ozone reducing device,it may, in some cases, be advantageous for air outlet 96 to include anair filter to block light. In particular, in embodiments in which thetop portion of germicidal source 22 is used to close port 42 of chamber24 as described above in reference to FIG. 4, it will be generallyadvantageous to have the germicidal light blocked through air outlet 96.In this manner, germicidal light generated by germicidal light source 90may be prevented from being emitted from chamber 24 during disinfectionprocesses conducted interior to the chamber. It yet other embodiments,air outlet 96 need not have any air filter to block light. Inparticular, apparatus 20 may, in some cases, be configured to encasegermicidal source 22 within chamber 24, including a housing surroundingits source of germicide. In such cases, germicidal light generated bygermicidal light source 90 may be prevented from being emitted fromchamber 24 during disinfection processes conducted interior to thechamber, but may be transmitted into an ambient of apparatus 20 duringdisinfection processes conducted exterior to the chamber. In any case,the purpose of air inlet 91, air moving device 94, circumjacent barrier92 and air outlet 96 within germicidal source 22 of FIG. 5 may betwo-fold, specifically that they may be together used to cool germicidallight source 90 as well as enable air disinfection during disinfectionprocesses conducted either interior or exterior to the chamber.Furthermore, the configuration of germicidal source 22 in FIG. 5 mayprevent objects from being displaced during a disinfection processconducted interior to the chamber as similarly described above for theincorporation of a plenum within chamber in reference to FIG. 4.

In addition to the aforementioned plenum configuration, FIG. 5illustrates a feature for germicidal source 22 which may be used toclose port 42 of chamber. In particular, FIG. 5 illustrates protrusions98 jutting out from an upper portion of germicidal source 22. Ingeneral, protrusions 98 may come into contact with exterior portions ofchamber 24 adjacent to port 42 when germicidal source 22 is drawn intochamber 24 and/or chamber 24 is moved to encase germicidal source 22,effectively closing port 42. In some cases, portions of chamber 24adjacent to port 42 may include indentations to receive at least anunderside of protrusions 98. In other embodiments, however, germicidalsource 22 may be void of protrusions 98. In particular, germicidalsource 22 may alternatively include a circumferential seal around itsupper portion to mate with port 42 as described above. In yet othercases, chamber 24 may include a seal along the circumference of port 42or chamber 24 may include a door to close port 42 such as describedabove in reference to FIGS. 4 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, it isnoted that protrusions 98 are not exclusive to the configuration ofgermicidal source 22 depicted in FIG. 5. Rather, protrusions 98 may beincluded on any configuration of germicidal source 22. Moreover,protrusions need not be limited to the trapezoidal configurationsdepicted in FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 further illustrates additional germicidal sources 99 withinplenum 93. As described in more detail below in reference to FIG. 14,the apparatuses considered herein may, in some embodiments, includeprogram instructions for operating different subsets of germicidalsources for different modes of operation of the apparatuses,specifically whether a disinfection process is being conducted interiorto the apparatus or exterior to the apparatus. As such, the apparatusesdescribed herein may, in some embodiments, include multiple germicidalsources. In some cases, the apparatuses described herein may includedifferent types of germicidal sources. In particular, the apparatusesdescribed herein may, in some embodiments, include germicidal sourceswhich differ in the type of germicide they generate (i.e., a liquid, avapor, a gas, a plasma or germicidal light). In addition oralternatively, the apparatuses described herein may, in someembodiments, include germicidal sources which differ in the manner inwhich they generate their germicide. For example, the apparatusesdescribed herein may include germicidal discharge lamps and germicidallight emitting diode lamps. In yet other embodiments, the apparatusesdescribed herein may additionally or alternatively include germicidallight sources which differ in the optical properties of the light theygenerate. For instance, the apparatuses described herein may includexenon discharge lamps and mercury discharge lamps.

It noted that although additional germicidal sources 99 are shown inFIG. 5 along the interior lower sidewalls of circumjacent barrier 92,their location is not necessarily so limited. In particular, they may belocated anywhere interior to plenum 93, including any portion of itsinterior sidewall or along air moving device 94 or a base supportingdischarge lamp 90. Moreover, additional germicidal sources 99 are notlimited to being smaller than germicidal light source 90 as depicted inFIG. 5. Rather, one or more of additional germicidal sources 99 may beof the same size or larger than germicidal light source 90. Furthermore,additional germicidal sources 99 are not exclusive to the configurationof germicidal source 22 depicted in FIG. 5 or to a germicidal sourcewhich has a housing around its source of germicide. In particular,chamber 24 may additionally or alternatively include additionalgermicidal sources. In further cases, however, apparatus 20 may notinclude any additional germicidal sources (i.e., apparatus 20 may, insome cases, include a single germicidal source).

In embodiments in which an air moving device is incorporated withingermicidal source 22 and/or chamber 24 (such as described above inreference to FIGS. 4 and 5), program instructions 28 may include codeexecutable by processor 30 for activating the air moving device whengermicidal source 22 is encased within chamber 24 as shown by block 100in FIG. 6. In some cases, particularly but not limited to whengermicidal source 22 has an air moving device incorporated therein,program instructions 28 may additionally include code executable byprocessor 30 for activating the air moving device when germicidal source22 extends outside of chamber 24 as shown by block 102 in FIG. 6. Insome embodiments, program instructions 28 for activating an air movingdevice when germicidal source 22 extends outside chamber 24 may includethe same instructions as activating the air moving device whengermicidal source 22 is encased in chamber 24. More specifically, an airmoving device may be activated to operate at the same speed whengermicidal source 22 extends outside chamber 24 and when germicidalsource 22 is encased in chamber 24.

In other cases, program instructions 28 may include differentinstructions for activating an air moving device in relation to whethergermicidal source 22 extends outside chamber 24 or is encased in chamber24. For example, program instructions 28 may, in some embodiments,include code executable by processor 30 for activating an air movingdevice to respectively operate at different speeds when germicidalsource 22 is encased with chamber 24 and when germicidal source 22 isnot encased with chamber 24 as respectively denoted in blocks 104 and106 of FIG. 6. In particular embodiments, program instructions 28 mayinclude code executable by processor 30 for activating an air movingdevice to operate at a higher speed when germicidal source 22 is encasedwith chamber 24 than when germicidal source 22 is not encased withchamber 24. In particular, air disinfection processes conducted withinchamber 24 do not have the added benefit of disinfecting ambient air ofapparatus 20 (i.e., air not drawn into apparatus 20) as is done whengermicidal source 22 extends exterior to chamber 24 (i.e., through thetransmission of germicide exterior to apparatus 20). Thus, it may beadvantageous to increase the air moving device speed when germicidalsource 22 is encased within chamber 24.

As noted above, air outlet 96 of germicidal source 22 depicted in FIG. 5may, in some embodiments, include an ozone reducing device and, in somecases, further include an air flow regulator to respectively route airthrough a first passageway comprising the ozone reducing device and asecond passage way not including the ozone reducing device. In general,the second passageway is either void of an ozone reducing device orcomprises an ozone reducing device having substantially less efficacythen the ozone reducing device in the first passageway. It is noted thatin some alternative embodiments, a door covering port 42 of chamber 24(such as door 76 depicted in FIG. 3) may similarly include a portionwith an ozone reducing device and portion without the ozone reducingdevice and, in some cases, an air flow regulator. In particular, incases in which germicidal source 22 includes a UV light source, ozoneproduced from the lamp may not be filtered when germicidal source 22extends exterior to the chamber and when apparatus 20 is operated withina vacated room/area. On the contrary, when apparatus 20 is operated inan occupied room with germicidal source 22 encased in chamber 22, ozoneproduced from the UV light may be reduced due to regulatory exposurelimits and/or concerns of exposure by individuals occupying a room. Assuch, it may be just as viable for a door covering port 42 to includeozone reducing device and, in some cases, an air flow regulator insteadof or in addition to germicidal source 22 including such components.

In any case, an air flow regulator for respectively routing air throughan ozone reducing device and not through the ozone reducing device maygenerally be activated/operated depending on operating parameters and/ormodes of disinfection processes employed by apparatus 20. For instance,program instructions 28 may, in some embodiments, include codeexecutable by processor 30 for controlling an air flow regulator suchthat air is routed through a first passageway comprising an ozonereducing device when the germicidal lamp is encased in the chamber andair is routed through a second passageway not including the ozonereducing device when the germicidal lamp extends outside the chamber asrespectively shown by blocks 110 and 112 in FIG. 7. In addition oralternatively, program instructions 28 may include code executable byprocessor 30 for controlling an air flow regulator such that air isrouted through the second passageway not including the ozone reducingdevice during a first portion of a disinfection process and air isrouted to through the first passageway including the ozone reducingdevice during a second portion of the disinfection process asrespectively shown by blocks 114 and 116 in FIG. 7.

In general, controlling the air flow regulator in the latter mannerallows ozone to be generated at a relatively high level (e.g., a levelwhich offers increased deodorizing and disinfection effects) during afirst portion of the disinfection cycle and then reduces ozonegeneration during a finishing portion of the disinfection cycle suchthat the ozone concentration in a room/area being disinfected is below aset value (e.g., the OSHA PEL/TLV limit). Such code may be particularlysuitable for operations of apparatus 20 in an area/room which has beenvacated, but it may be used in occupied areas and room as well,particularly if the higher levels of generated ozone are not harmful tooccupants. In any case, the code may be activated when germicidal source22 extends outside of chamber 24 or when it is encased within chamber 24(i.e., when apparatus 20 is operated to conduct a disinfection processexterior or interior to chamber 24).

In some embodiments, program instructions 28 may include code forcontrolling an air flow regulator based on the ozone concentrationand/or the rate of ozone generation in a room/area as shown by block 118in FIG. 7. In particular, program instructions 28 may, in some cases,include code for receiving information regarding ozone concentrationand/or the rate of ozone generation in a room/area from a sensor in theroom/area and, in response, controlling an air flow regulator such thatair is routed through a first passageway comprising an ozone reducingdevice when level of ozone concentration or ozone generation is greaterthan a predetermined threshold and air is routed through a secondpassageway not including the ozone reducing device when a level of ozoneconcentration or ozone generation is less than the same or a differentpredetermined threshold. In some cases, control of the air flowregulator may be further based on a run time set for a disinfectionprocess, specifically determining when to reduce ozone during aroom/area disinfection process such that the concentration of ozone inthe room/area at a designated time (e.g., the end of the disinfectioncycle or a set time after the end of the disinfection cycle) will bebelow a set value. In this manner, the benefits of ozone generation maybe increased/optimized for a given room.

In some cases, the sensor/s used to analyze the ozone concentration/rateof generation may be attached to apparatus 20. In other cases, however,the sensor/s may be positioned apart from apparatus 20, particularly aset distance from the apparatus to obtain information morerepresentative of the ozone concentration/rate of generation in theroom/area. An additional optional feature is to have the sensor/smonitor ozone degradation and program instructions 28 determine based ondegradation information from the sensor/s whether a concentration ofozone in the room/area will be below a set value at a designated timeand, optionally, if it will not, controlling the air flow regulator toroute air through the ozone reducing device prior to a previouslydetermined time to get the concentration of zone in the room/area at thedesignated time below the set value.

Examples of air flow regulators which may be used in the apparatusesdescribed herein are shown in FIGS. 8-10. It is noted that other airflow regulators may be considered for the apparatuses described hereinand, thus, options for air flow regulators should not be limited to thedepictions in the drawings. Furthermore, the configurations ofpassageways to which air flow regulators selectively route air may varyamong apparatuses and may be different from those depicted in FIGS. 9a-10. For example, the apparatuses described herein could include abypass line around an ozone reducing device (or a passageway comprisingan ozone reducing device). Other configurations can be considered aswell. FIG. 8 shows air flow regulator 120 including a top member of airblocking material 122 and two side members extending downward from theends of the top member each having an upper portion of air permeablematerial 124 and a lower portion of air blocking material 122. Analternative configuration would be to have air flow regulator 120include a bottom member of air permeable material connecting the bottomends of its side portions, in addition or instead of having a top memberof air blocking material. In general, air blocking material 122 mayinclude any material sufficient to block the passage of air therethroughand air permeating material 124 may include any configuration whichallows passage of air therethrough, such as a mesh or a permeatedstructure. It is noted that the portions of air blocking material 122and air permeable material 124 need not be equal on a given side memberof air flow regulator 120 as depicted in FIG. 8. Furthermore, the airblocking material of the side members of air flow regulator 120 need notbe the same as the air blocking material of the top member.

In any case, to regulate air flow in the apparatuses described herein,air flow regulator 120 is moved up and down to align air permeablematerial 124 of its side members with an ozone reducing device (or apassageway including an ozone reducing device) and a passageway whichdoes not include the ozone reducing device. FIGS. 9a and 9b illustratesuch an operation of air flow regulator 120 in an example configurationof an apparatus having an ozone reducing device. In particular, FIG. 9aillustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of apparatus 20 (e.g.,in an upper portion of germicidal source 22 or in a door covering port42 of chamber 24) having air flow regulator 120 disposed therein suchthat air permeable material 124 of its side members is aligned withozone reducing device 126 (or a passageway including ozone reducingdevice 126). In addition, FIG. 9a illustrates air blocking material 122of the side members of air flow regulator 120 aligned with passageway128 which does not include ozone reducing device 126. With such anarrangement and placement of air flow regulator 120, air flow isdirected through ozone reducing device 126 as denoted by the doubledarrow line.

Upon activation of an actuator coupled to air flow regulator 120 (suchas in response to activation of the actuator by program instructions 28for any of the scenarios described in reference to blocks 112, 114, and118 in FIG. 7), air flow regulator 120 is moved such that air permeablematerial 124 along its side members is aligned with passageway 128 asshown in FIG. 9b . In addition, air blocking material 122 of the sidemembers of air flow regulator 120 is aligned with ozone reducing device126 (or a passageway including ozone reducing device 126). As a result,air flow through the apparatus bypasses ozone reducing device 126, asdenoted by the doubled arrow line in FIG. 9b , and a higherconcentration of ozone is emitted into the ambient of the apparatus. Inparticular, the passageway 128 is either void of an ozone reducingdevice or comprises an ozone reducing device having substantially lessefficacy than ozone reducing device 126. In some of the apparatusesdescribed herein, an actuator coupled to air flow regulator 120 may beactivated to have air permeable material 124 partially aligned with bothozone reducing device 126 (or a passageway including ozone reducingdevice 126) and passageway 128 to offer further control of ozoneconcentration emitted from the apparatus. In some cases, programinstructions 28 or an actuator coupled to air flow regulator 120 may beconfigured to regulate a percentage to which air permeable material 124may be aligned with either of ozone reducing device 126 (or a passagewayincluding ozone reducing device 126) and passageway 128.

In any case, it is noted that the placement of ozone reducing device 126(or a passageway including ozone reducing device 126) and passageway 128may be reversed (i.e., ozone reducing device 126 (or a passagewayincluding ozone reducing device 126) may alternatively be disposed abovepassageway 128). In embodiments in which a carbon filter is used as anozone reducing device in conjunction with air flow regulator 120 and asurface of the carbon filter borders passageway 128, an additionaloptional feature is to have the border of the carbon filter coated witha material which prevents ozone passing through passageway 128 frominteracting with the filter. In embodiments in which a carbon filter isconsidered for an ozone reducing device for the apparatuses describedherein, an advantage of the configuration of air flow regulator 120relative to air flow regulator valve 130 described below in reference toFIG. 10 is that the configuration of air flow regulator 120 enables alarger carbon filter to be used, potentially increasing the life of thecarbon filter.

Another air flow regulator which may be considered for the apparatusesdescribed herein is depicted in FIG. 10. In particular, FIG. 10illustrates air flow regulator valve 130 positioned at an intersectionof routing air through ozone reducing device 132 (or a passagewayincluding ozone reducing device 132) and routing air through passageway134 which does not include ozone reducing device 132. In general, thepassageway 134 is either void of an ozone reducing device or comprisesan ozone reducing device having substantially less efficacy than ozonereducing device 132. Air flow regulator 130 may be configured such thatall air may be routed through ozone reducing device 132 (or a passagewayincluding ozone reducing device 132) or through passageway 134 at agiven time. In further embodiments, air flow regulator 130 may, in somecases, be configured to route air through both ozone reducing device 132(or a passageway including ozone reducing device 132) and passageway 134at given time. In some of such cases, air flow regulator 130 may beconfigured to regulate a percentage of air routed through reducingdevice 132 (or a passageway including ozone reducing device 123) and/orpassageway 134 to offer further control of ozone concentration emittedfrom the apparatus.

As noted above, the apparatuses presented herein include configurationsfor conducting different disinfection modes exterior and interior to theapparatus, particularly room/area disinfection processes exterior to theapparatus and object and/or air disinfection processes interior to theapparatus. A commonality among the apparatuses is that they include amoveable germicidal source and/or a moveable shield and programinstructions for activating power supply circuitry to operate thegermicidal source. A number of different configurations may beconsidered with such features, particularly for achieving the notedobjective of being able to conduct disinfection processes interior andexterior to the apparatus. As such, the apparatuses described herein arenot restricted to the configuration of apparatus 20 in FIG. 1. Asdescribed in more detail below, FIGS. 11-13 illustrate some alternativeconfigurations of apparatuses configured for conducting differentdisinfection processes interior and exterior to the apparatuses.However, as with apparatus 20 described in reference to FIG. 1, theapparatuses described in reference to FIGS. 11-13 are examples andseveral other configurations may be considered. For example, acompilation of different features from the apparatuses described inreference to FIGS. 1 and 11-13 may be considered.

A notable difference between the apparatuses described in reference toFIGS. 11-13 and apparatus 20 described in reference to FIG. 1 is thatthe shields of the apparatuses of FIGS. 11-13 are not chambers. Rather,the apparatuses of FIGS. 11-13 include shields which are configured withother features of the apparatuses to form chambers to encase thegermicidal source/s of the apparatuses. Alternatively stated, theapparatuses of FIGS. 11-13 include shields which may be brought inproximity to germicidal source/s of the apparatuses (and/or thegermicidal source/s may be brought in proximity to the shields) suchthat germicide projected from the germicidal source/s is substantiallycontained in the apparatus. In addition, the shields and/or thegermicidal source/s of FIGS. 11-13 may be brought out of proximity witheach other such that germicide projected from the germicidal source/s isprojected exterior to the apparatus. Alternatively stated, theapparatuses of FIGS. 11-13 include moveable shields and/or germicidalsource/s such that the germicidal source/s may be exposed to an ambientof the apparatus, in affect disassembling the chamber formed by theshields and other features of the apparatuses when the germicidalsources are encased.

In any case, the apparatuses described in reference to FIGS. 11-13 mayinclude any of the features described in reference to apparatus 20 ofFIG. 1. In particular, the apparatuses described in reference to FIGS.11-13 and any variations thereof may include power circuitry 26, programinstructions 28, processor 30, user interface 32, remote user interface34, base 36, sensor/s 38, sensor/s 48, support members 40, ports 42 and70, doors 72 and 76, shelves 74, baskets, air moving devices 80 and 94,air inlets, air outlets 82, seal 84, circumjacent barrier 92, ozonereducing device 96, protrusions 98, additional germicidal sources 99,air flow regulator devices 120 and 130, and any variations thereofdiscussed in reference to apparatus 20 of FIG. 1. Such features are notshown in the apparatuses of FIGS. 11-13 to simplify the drawings.Furthermore, such features are not described in reference to FIGS. 11-13for the sake of brevity. Moreover, the apparatuses described inreference to FIGS. 11-13 and any variations thereof may include any ofthe specific program instructions described in reference to FIGS. 2, 6and 7 as well as any variations thereof described in reference to FIGS.2, 6, and 7. The specific program instructions have not been reiteratedfor the apparatuses of FIGS. 11-13 for the sake of brevity. Yet furtheroptional features for the apparatuses described in reference to FIGS.11-13 and any variations thereof include wheels (motorized or notmotorized) and/or a handle to affect portability for the apparatus.

Turning to FIG. 11, apparatus 140 is shown including germicidal sources142 arranged in frame 144 with shield 146 retracted. In some cases, thebackside of apparatus 140 may include a shield coupled to frame 144similar to shield 146. In other embodiments, the backside of apparatus140 may include a backside panel spanning the areal dimension of frame144 to prevent emission of germicide from the backside of apparatus 140.In any case, apparatus 140 may be mountable on a wall or a ceiling.Alternatively, apparatus 140 may be a standalone device. In general,shield 146 is moveable within apparatus 140, particularly to enclosegermicidal sources 142 within frame 144 for disinfection processesconducted interior to frame 144 and further to expose germicidal sources142 to an ambient of apparatus 140 for disinfection processes conductedexterior to frame 144. As shown in FIG. 11, shield 146 may, in someembodiments, be a roller shade or have some other retractableconfiguration, such as an accordion configuration or a nestedconfiguration. In such cases, shield 146 may move along tracks withinframe 144 traversing the length of the window exposing germicidalsources 142 such that shield 146 may enclose germicidal sources 142 whenclosed. In other embodiments, shield 146 may include one or more hingeddoors, sliding doors or clamp-on removable covers. In any case, shield146 may be manually actuated and/or apparatus 140 may include anactuator to automate movement of shield 146.

It is noted that apparatus 140 is not restricted to the placement ofshield 146 shown in FIG. 11. In particular, shield 146 may be supportedadjacent any edge of frame 144 and extend to an opposing edge of theframe, including the top and bottom edges of frame 144. Moreover, thedimensions and shape of frame 144 may vary from that depicted in FIG.11. More specifically, frame 144 is not limited to being rectangularand/or having the relatively thin sidewalls depicted in FIG. 11.Furthermore, the orientation of apparatus 140 is not limited to itslongitudinal dimension being horizontal. Moreover, apparatus 140 is notlimited to having multiple cylindrical germicidal sources orientated inthe manner shown in FIG. 11. Rather, apparatus 140 may include anynumber, size, shape and orientation of germicidal sources. Moreover,germicidal sources 142 may include the same type of germicidal source ordifferent types of germicidal sources. In some cases, apparatus 140 maybe configured to move one or more of germicidal sources 142 to extendout of frame 144 to enhance distribution of germicide/s generatedtherefrom into an ambient of the apparatus. An example configuration tooffer such an option may include retractable tracks extending out fromframe 144 in alignment with germicidal sources 142, along which thegermicidal sources may be moved manually or by an actuator.

Furthermore, as noted above, apparatus 140 may include any of thefeatures described in reference to apparatus 20 of FIG. 1, including butnot limited to air moving devices, air inlets, air outlets, basketsand/or shelves. In general, air moving device/s, air inlet/s, and airoutlet/s may be arranged within any side of frame 144 and/or shield 146.In addition or alternatively, air moving device/s may be arrangedinternal to frame 144, particularly but not necessarily in alignmentwith air inlet/s or air outlet/s within the frame. In any case, airmoving device/s may be arranged upstream or downstream of an air streaminduced through frame 144 when closed. In some cases, apparatus 140 mayinclude an air moving device disposed at one end of at least one ofgermicidal sources 142 (and, in some cases, include an air moving devicedisposed at the end of each of germicidal sources 142) to induce an airstream which flows substantially parallel with the longitudinaldimension of the germicidal sources, such as described for germicidalsource 90 in reference to FIG. 5. In other cases, apparatus 140 may haveair moving devices arranged to induce an air stream that transversesgermicidal sources 142.

FIG. 12 illustrates a similar disinfection apparatus to apparatus 140,but differs by the inclusion of a hinge between two sections of framedgermicidal sources instead a shield door. In particular, FIG. 12illustrates apparatus 150 having germicidal sources 152 arranged inframed sections 154 joined by hinge 156. In general, each of framedsections 154 includes a backside panel spanning the areal dimension ofthe respective section to prevent emission of germicide from thebackside of apparatus 150. In some cases, one or both of framed sections154 may be mountable on a wall or a ceiling. Alternatively, apparatus150 may be a standalone device. In any case, one or both of framedsections 154 are pivotal about hinge 156 such that forefront edges 158of framed sections 154 may be brought into contact with each other toenclose germicidal sources 152 for disinfection processes conductedinterior to apparatus 150 and further that they may be disengaged toexpose germicidal sources 152 to an ambient of apparatus 150 fordisinfection processes conducted exterior to frame sections 154. In thismanner, one or both of framed sections 154 function as moveable shieldswithin apparatus 150 to form a chamber about germicidal sources 152.

In general, framed sections 154 may be configured to pivot any degree ofrotation about hinge 156, depending on the design specifications ofapparatus 150. For instance, in some cases, one or both of framedsections 154 may be configured such that forefront edges 158 are at amaximum 180 degrees relative to each other (i.e., framed sections 154are oriented in a line). In other cases, one or both of framed sections154 may be configured such that backside panels of framed sections 154come into contact with each other. In any case, the inclusion of hinge156 within apparatus 150 may desirably offer a manner in which toselectively direct germicide within a room/area for disinfectionprocesses conducted exterior to apparatus 150. One or both of framedsections 154 may be manually actuated and/or apparatus 150 may includeone or more actuators to automate movement of one or both of framedsections 154.

Similar to frame 144 of apparatus 140 described in reference to FIG. 11,the dimensions and shape of framed sections 154 may vary from thatdepicted in FIG. 12. More specifically, framed sections 154 are notlimited to being rectangular and/or having the relatively thin sidewallsdepicted in FIG. 12. Furthermore, the orientation of apparatus 150 isnot limited to framed sections 154 being horizontal displaced from eachother (e.g., one of framed sections 154 may be arranged above the otherwith hinge 154 arranged substantially horizontally). Moreover, apparatus150 is not limited to having multiple cylindrical germicidal sources ineach of framed sections 154 orientated in the manner shown in FIG. 12.Rather, apparatus 150 may include any number, size, shape andorientation of germicidal sources within each of framed sections 154.Moreover, germicidal sources 152 may include the same type of germicidalsource or different types of germicidal sources in one or both of framedsections 154. Similar to apparatus 140 described in reference to FIG.11, apparatus 150 may be configured to move one or more of germicidalsources 152 to extend out of framed sections 154 to enhance distributionof germicide/s generated therefrom into an ambient of the apparatus. Anexample configuration to offer such an option may include retractabletracks extending out from framed sections 154 in alignment withgermicidal sources 152, along which the germicidal sources may move.

Furthermore, as noted above, apparatus 150 may include any of thefeatures described in reference to apparatus 20 of FIG. 1, including butnot limited to air moving devices, air inlets, air outlets, basketsand/or shelves. In general, air moving device/s, air inlet/s, and airoutlet/s may be arranged within any side of framed sections 154. Inaddition or alternatively, air moving device/s may be arranged internalto framed sections 154, particularly but not necessarily in alignmentwith air inlet/s or air outlet/s within the frames. Similar to apparatus140 described in reference to FIG. 11, air moving device/s may bearranged upstream or downstream of an air stream induced through framedsections 154 when closed. In some cases, apparatus 150 may include anair moving device disposed at one end of at least one of germicidalsources 152 (and, in some cases, an air moving device disposed at theends of each of germicidal sources 152) to induce an air stream whichflows substantially parallel with the longitudinal dimension of thegermicidal sources, such as described for germicidal source 90 inreference to FIG. 5. In other cases, apparatus 150 may have air movingdevices arranged to induce an air stream that transverses germicidalsources 152.

FIG. 13 illustrates yet another configuration of an apparatus forconducting different disinfection modes exterior and interior to theapparatus, particularly room/area disinfection processes exterior to theapparatus and object and/or air disinfection processes interior to theapparatus. In particular, FIG. 13 illustrates apparatus 160 havinggermicidal sources 162 arranged around reflector 164 between upper base166 and lower base 168. In addition, apparatus 160 includes shield 169which is configured to attach to upper base 166 and/or lower base 168and wrap around germicidal sources 162 to enclose germicidal sources 162for disinfection processes conducted interior to apparatus 160. On thecontrary, detachment of shield 169 from upper base 166 and/or lower base168 exposes germicidal sources 162 to an ambient of apparatus 160 fordisinfection processes conducted exterior to apparatus 160. Although notshown, shield 169 may include any type and any number of fasteners forclosing the open ends of the shield around germicidal sources 162 aswell as attaching shield 169 to upper base 166 and lower base 168. Insome cases, the fastener/s may have quick release configurations to aida user in connecting and disconnecting them easily and quickly. In someembodiments, shield 169 may be made of a relatively lightweight materialfor ease of mounting the shield on upper base 166 and lower base 168. Inaddition, shield 168 may, in some cases, include a sturdy, butrelatively pliable material and/or may include multiple sections whichare joined with bendable interfaces to aid in wrapping the shield aroundgermicidal sources 162.

It is noted that shield 169 may include any shape, specifically shield169 may include any polygonal shape or shield 169 may be circular. Inaddition, shield 169 may include any number of individual sectionscoupled together rather than be a single contiguous piece as depicted inFIG. 13. Furthermore, shield 169 need not be completely removable fromupper base 166 and/or lower base 168. Rather, shield 169 may be fixedlyattached at one or more locations on upper base 166 and/or lower base168 and may be foldable and/or retractable in itself to minimize thearea it occupies when it is not surrounding germicidal lamps 162. Forexample, shield 169 may be a roller shade or have some other retractableconfiguration, such as an accordion configuration or a nestedconfiguration. In any case, the dimensions and shape of the componentscomprising apparatus 160 may vary from that depicted in FIG. 13. Forexample, apparatus 160 is not limited to having multiple cylindricalgermicidal sources orientated in the manner shown in FIG. 13. Rather,apparatus 160 may include any number, size, shape and orientation ofgermicidal sources. In cases in which apparatus 160 includes multiplegermicidal sources, germicidal sources 162 may include the same type ofgermicidal source or different types of germicidal sources. In addition,reflector 164, upper base 166 and lower base 168 are not limited to theconfiguration and relative dimensions depicted in FIG. 13. For example,reflector 164 need not have an hour glass shape and, in some cases,reflector 164 may be omitted from apparatus 160. Further yet, apparatus160 is not limited to having wheels coupled to the bottom of lower base168. In particular, apparatus 160 may alternatively by a stationarydevice.

Furthermore, as noted above, apparatus 160 may include any of thefeatures described in reference to apparatus 20 of FIG. 1, including butnot limited to air moving devices, air inlets, air outlets, basketsand/or shelves. In general, air moving device/s, air inlet/s, and airoutlet/s may be arranged within shield 169, upper base 166 and/or lowerbase 168. In addition or alternatively, air moving device/s may bearranged within reflector 164 or on a surface of reflector 164, shield169, upper base 166 and/or lower base 168. In any case, air movingdevice/s may be arranged upstream or downstream of an air stream inducedthrough shield 169 when closed. In some cases, apparatus 160 may includean air moving device disposed at one end of at least one of germicidalsources 162 (and, in some cases, an air moving device disposed at endsof each of germicidal sources 162) to induce an air stream which flowssubstantially parallel with the longitudinal dimension of the germicidalsources, such as described for germicidal source 90 in reference to FIG.5. In other cases, apparatus 160 may have air moving devices arranged toinduce an air stream that transverses germicidal sources 162.

Several examples of program instructions 28 for operating components ofthe apparatuses presented herein are described in reference to FIGS. 2,6 and 7. Additional or alternative program instructions, particularlyflows of program instructions, which may be considered for any of theapparatuses considered herein (i.e., apparatuses having configurationsfor conducting interior and exterior disinfection processes) are shownin flowcharts in FIGS. 14-17. It is noted that the processes describedin reference to FIGS. 14-17 are not necessarily mutually exclusive toflow of program instructions depicted in those figures. Furthermore, anyof the program instructions described in reference to FIGS. 2, 6 and 7may be used in conjunction with each other or any of the programinstructions included in the flowcharts of FIGS. 14-17.

FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart including block 170 at which input isreceived from an electronic user interface to start operation of adisinfection apparatus. Upon receipt of such input a determination ismade at block 172 as to whether a germicidal source is encased in achamber of the apparatus. Alternatively, a determination may be made asto whether the germicidal source is exterior to the chamber (and/orwhether the germicidal source is arranged in proximity of a shield ofthe apparatus). In either case, upon an affirmative determination atblock 172, the power circuitry of the apparatuses may be activated inone or two manners as denoted in blocks 174 and 176. Furthermore, upondetermining the condition at block 172 is not true, the power circuitryof the apparatuses may be activated in one or two manners as denoted inblocks 178 and 177, each of which respectively differ but yet correlateto the instructions set forth in blocks 174 and 176.

In particular, in embodiments in which the apparatus includes multipledisinfection sources, the power circuitry of the apparatus may beactivated, upon an affirmative determination at block 172, toselectively operate a subset of the disinfection sources for adisinfection process as denoted in block 174. Conversely, upondetermining the condition set forth in block 172 is not true, the powercircuitry of the same apparatus may be activated to selectively operatea different subset of the disinfection sources for a disinfectionprocess as denoted in block 178. In some cases, the subset of themultiple germicidal sources activated in block 174 may include at leastone germicidal source that generates a different germicide than at leastone of the germicidal sources of the subset activated in block 178. Inadditional or alternative embodiments, the subset of the germicidalsources activated in block 174 may include at least one germicidalsource that generates its germicide in a manner different than at leastone of the germicidal sources of the subset activated in block 178. Forexample, the subset of the germicidal sources activated in block 174 mayinclude light emitting diode lamp/s and the subset of germicidal sourcesactivated in block 178 may include discharge lamp/s or vice versa.

In yet other embodiments in which the subsets of germicidal sourcesactivated for the processes depicted in blocks 174 and 178 each includegermicidal lamps, the germicidal lamps may differ in the opticalproperties of the light they generate. For instance, the subset of thegermicidal sources activated in block 174 may include mercury dischargelamp/s and the subset of germicidal sources activated in block 178 mayinclude xenon discharge lamp/s or vice versa. Other variances betweenone or more of the germicidal sources of the different subsets may beconsidered as well, such as but not limited to size, shape and intensityof germicidal dispersal. In any case, regardless of the type of variancebetween the germicidal sources of the different subsets activated withrespect to blocks 174 and 178, in some embodiments, each germicidalsource of the one subset may differ from all of the germicidal sourcesof the other subset. In yet other cases, the type and configuration ofgermicidal sources of the different subsets may not vary. In any case,the term subset as used herein refers to any number of elements (i.e.,one or more) of a group which is less than all elements of the group.

Another option for activating power circuitry of an apparatus upondetermination of the relative location of a germicidal lamp within theapparatus at block 172 is to activate the power circuitry in accordancewith different operating parameters for the apparatus as set forth inblocks 176 and 177. In particular, upon an affirmative determination atblock 172, the power circuitry of an apparatus may be activated inaccordance with a predetermined set of operating parameters for theapparatus as denoted in block 176. In addition, upon determining thecondition set forth in block 172 is not true, the power circuitry of thesame apparatus may be activated in accordance with a differentpredetermined set of operating parameters for the apparatus as denotedin block 177. Such processes may be conducted in addition or alternativeto the processes set forth in blocks 174 and 178. Furthermore, theprocesses of blocks 176 and 177 may be conducted in apparatuses having asingle germicidal source or multiple germicidal sources.

In any case, the different sets of predetermined operating parametersreferenced in blocks 174 and 178 may include any number of differentoperating parameters and may include any of the variances of operatingparameters described above in reference to FIGS. 2, 6 and 7, includingbut not limited to applying different amounts of power to the germicidalsource/s, applying power to the germicidal source/s for differentdurations, applying trigger voltages at different frequencies,activating a fan to operate a different speeds, and controlling an airflow regulator to route air through different passageways. In yet otherembodiments, one of the sets of operating parameters may include aparameter for a particular variable (such as but not limited to fanspeed) and the other set of operating parameters may be void ofinstructions for that variable. Such a scenario may be advantageous whena component is used for a particular disinfection mode, but is not usedfor other disinfection modes.

Turning to FIG. 15, another flowchart is shown of processes that may beperformed by any of the apparatuses described herein. In particular,FIG. 15 shows block 180 at which input is received regarding a selecteddisinfection mode, particularly from a user interface of a disinfectionapparatus. In general, the input may be indicative of either of adisinfection mode for primarily disinfecting a medium inside theapparatus or a disinfection mode for primarily disinfecting a mediumexterior to the apparatus. In some embodiments, the input may be morespecific to the medium to be disinfected. For example, the input may beindicative of either a disinfection mode for primarily disinfecting airinterior to the apparatus or a disinfection mode for primarilydisinfecting a room/area. In other embodiments, the input may beindicative of either a disinfection mode for primarily disinfectingobjects interior to the apparatus or a disinfection mode for primarilydisinfecting a room/area. In yet other embodiments, the input may beindicative of a disinfection mode selected from more than twodisinfection modes. For instance, the input may be indicative of adisinfection mode for primarily disinfecting air interior to theapparatus, a disinfection mode for primarily disinfection objectsinterior to the apparatus, or a disinfection mode for primarilydisinfecting a room/area. In any case, the user interface of thedisinfection apparatus may include any number and type of input controlsto allow selection of the different disinfection modes offered by anapparatus. For example, the input controls may be touch contacts (e.g.,buttons or touch screen activated pads) or may be audio controlled.Furthermore, the options of the different modes offered by an apparatusmay be displayed to a user in any manner known in the art, including butnot necessarily limited to alphanumerical characters, numerals and/orpictures.

In some embodiments, upon receiving the input regarding the selecteddisinfection mode, a determination is made as to whether the selecteddisinfection mode is for primarily disinfecting a medium inside theapparatus as shown by block 181. In other embodiments, a determinationmay be made as to whether the selected disinfection mode is forprimarily disinfecting a medium outside the apparatus. In such lattercases, it would be apparent to one skilled in the art that the processesfollowing an affirmative determination and a determination which is nottrue would be reversed relative to what is shown in FIG. 15. In yetother cases, the process of block 181 may be omitted and input regardingselected disinfection modes for primarily disinfecting a medium insideand outside the apparatus may automatically continue to blocks 182 and192, respectively. In any case, at blocks 182 and 192, a determinationis made as to whether a germicidal source of the apparatus is encased ina chamber of the apparatus. Alternatively, a determination may be madeas to whether the germicidal source is exposed to an ambient of theapparatus. In such latter cases, it would be apparent to one skilled inthe art that the processes following an affirmative determination and adetermination which is not true would be reversed relative to what isshown in FIG. 15.

As shown in FIG. 15, if a determination is made at block 182 that thegermicidal source is not encased within a chamber of the apparatus, acorrection action may be activated to move the germicidal source and/ora shield of the apparatus such that the germicidal source is encased ina chamber of the apparatus as denoted in block 184. In some embodiments,the corrective action may a notification to a user of the apparatus tomove the appropriate component (such as via the user interface on theapparatus or via the remote user interface). The notification may be inany form known in the art, including a visual display or an audiblesound/instruction. In other embodiments, the corrective action may beautomated movement of the germicidal source and/or the shield to form achamber with the germicidal source therein. In such cases, thecorrective action may be to activate actuator/s coupled to thegermicidal source and/or the shield to affect their movement.

In any case, upon the germicidal source and/or the shield being moved toform a chamber in which the germicidal source is encased (via automatedmovement or via manual movement with receipt of a confirmation signalthat the component/s were moved), one or two of the processes denoted inblocks 186 and 188 may be conducted. The processes denoted in blocks 186and 188 are the same processes denoted in blocks 174 and 176 of FIG. 14.The description of such processes in reference to FIG. 14 is referencedfor blocks 186 and 188 and is not reiterated for the sake of brevity. Insome cases, for assurance purposes, a determination may be made as towhether the germicidal source is encased in the chamber at block 182after the germicidal source and/or the shield has been moved to form achamber in reference to the corrective action activated in block 184. Insuch cases, upon an affirmative determination at block 182, one or bothof the process denoted in blocks 186 and 188 may be conducted.

Turning to block 192, if a determination is made that the germicidalsource is encased within a chamber of the apparatus, a correction actionmay be activated to move the germicidal source and/or a shield of theapparatus such that the germicidal source is exposed to an ambient ofthe apparatus as denoted in block 194. Similar to the corrective actiondiscussed in reference to block 184, the corrective action may anotification to a user of the apparatus to move the appropriatecomponent (such as via the user interface on the apparatus or via theremote user interface). In other embodiments, the corrective action maybe automated movement of the germicidal source and/or the shield to forma chamber with the germicidal source therein. In any case, upon thegermicidal source and/or the shield being moved to such that thegermicidal source is exposed to an ambient of the apparatus (viaautomated movement or via manual movement with receipt of a confirmationsignal that the component/s were moved), one or two of the processesdenoted in blocks 196 and 198 may be conducted. The processes denoted inblocks 196 and 198 are the same processes denoted in blocks 177 and 178of FIG. 14. The description of such processes in reference to FIG. 14 isreferenced for blocks 196 and 198 and is not reiterated for the sake ofbrevity. In some cases, for assurance purposes, a determination may bemade as to whether the germicidal source is encased in the chamber atblock 192 after the germicidal source and/or the shield has been movedto expose the germicidal source to an ambient of the apparatus inreference to the corrective action activated in block 194. In suchcases, upon a determination that the germicidal source is not encasedwithin a chamber, one or both of the process denoted in blocks 196 and198 may be conducted.

In some cases, an apparatus may switch between disinfection modes basedon whether motion and/or occupancy is detected in a room or an area.FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate flowcharts of processes facilitating such anobjective. In particular, FIG. 16 shows block 200 in which a motionsensor and/or an occupancy sensor is activated to operate when thegermicidal source extends outside of the apparatus. The activation maygenerally be conducted before the germicidal source is activated tooperate. At block 202, a determination is made as to whether motion oroccupancy is detected during a predetermined duration. As shown by block204, if motion or occupancy is detected, operation of the germicidalsource is inhibited. Conversely, if motion or occupancy is not detectedduring the predetermined amount of time, a power circuit of theapparatus is activated to operate the germicidal source as denoted inblock 206.

Subsequent to commencing operation of the germicidal source, adetermination is made at block 208 as to whether motion or occupancy isdetected for a predetermined duration. If no motion or occupancy isdetected during the predetermined amount of time, the power circuitcontinues to supply power to the germicidal source at block 206 for aroom/area disinfection process and motion and/or occupancy continues tobe monitored at block 208. In cases in which motion or occupancy isdetected, operation of the germicidal source is terminated as denoted inblock 210. Upon operation of the germicidal source being terminated inreference to block 210 or upon its operation being inhibited inreference to block 204, an actuator coupled to the germicidal source isactivated and/or an actuator coupled to a shield of the apparatus isactivated to reposition the coupled component/s such that the germicidalsource is contained in a chamber of the apparatus as denoted in block212. Subsequent thereto, the power circuit of the apparatus may beactivated to operate the germicidal source as denoted in block 214 for adisinfection process conducted interior to the apparatus.

An alternative set of processes which may induce an apparatus to switchbetween disinfection modes based on whether motion and/or occupancy isdetected in a room or an area is illustrated in FIG. 17. In particular,FIG. 17 shows block 220 in which power circuitry of a disinfectionapparatus is activated to operate a germicidal source of the apparatuswhen the germicidal source is encased within the apparatus. Block 222shows a motion sensor and/or an occupancy sensor is activated to operatesubsequent to block 220, but it is noted that the order of blocks 220and 222 may be reversed. In particular, the power circuitry of theapparatus may be activated to operate the germicidal source subsequentto the motion sensor and/or occupancy sensor being activated. In otherembodiments, the germicidal source and the motion sensor and/oroccupancy sensor may be activated to operate at the same time.

In any case, as denoted in block 224, a determination is made as towhether motion or occupancy has been detected for a predeterminedduration. In cases when motion or occupancy has been detected, the powercircuit continues to supply power to the germicidal source for aninterior disinfection process for block 220 and motion and/or occupancycontinues to be monitored for block 222. Upon not detecting movementand/or occupancy for the preset duration, an actuator coupled to thegermicidal source is activated and/or an actuator coupled to a shield ofthe apparatus is activated to reposition the noted component/s such thatthe germicidal source is exposed to an ambient of the apparatus asdenoted in block 226. In some cases, operation of the germicidal sourcemay continue while the germicidal source and/or shield are moved. In yetother embodiments, operation of the germicidal source may be terminatedupon not detecting movement and/or occupancy for the preset duration andthen reactivated once the actuator/s have moved the appropriatecomponent/s.

It will be appreciated to those skilled in the art having the benefit ofthis disclosure that this invention is believed to provide apparatusesused for disinfecting surfaces, objects and/or air interior to theapparatuses and exterior to the apparatuses. Further modifications andalternative embodiments of various aspects of the invention will beapparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. Forexample, several configurations of apparatuses are described herein forachieving the noted objective, but the apparatuses considered herein arenot necessarily limited to such configurations. Several otherconfigurations may be considered for achieving the noted objective.Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative onlyand is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the generalmanner of carrying out the invention. It is to be understood that theforms of the invention shown and described herein are to be taken as thepresently preferred embodiments. Elements and materials may besubstituted for those illustrated and described herein, parts andprocesses may be reversed, and certain features of the invention may beutilized independently, all as would be apparent to one skilled in theart after having the benefit of this description of the invention.Changes may be made in the elements described herein without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the followingclaims. The term “approximately” as used herein refers to variations ofup to +/−5% of the stated number.

1. An apparatus, comprising: a germicidal source; power supply circuitrycoupled to the germicidal source; a shield, wherein the shield and/orthe germicidal source are moveable relative to each other, and whereinthe apparatus is configured such that: the shield and/or the germicidalsource may be brought in proximity to the other such that germicideprojected from the germicidal source is substantially contained withinan interior cavity of the apparatus; and the shield and/or thegermicidal source may be brought out of proximity with the other suchthat germicide projected from the germicidal source is projected into anambient of the apparatus; a sensor to detect whether the germicidalsource and the shield are said in proximity with each other and/or todetect whether the germicidal source and the shield are said out ofproximity with each other; an electronic user interface comprising inputcontrols allowing selection of different disinfection modes conducted bythe apparatus, wherein the different disinfection modes comprise a firstdisinfection mode for primarily disinfecting a medium inside theapparatus and a second disinfection mode for primarily disinfecting amedium exterior to the apparatus; a processor; and a storage mediumhaving program instructions which are executable by the processor for:receiving input from the electronic user interface regarding a selecteddisinfection mode; upon receiving input of the first disinfection mode:determining whether the shield and the germicidal source are said inproximity with each other or said out of proximity with each other; upondetermining the shield and the germicidal source are said out ofproximity with each other, activating a corrective action for thegermicidal source and/or the shield to be moved said in proximity withthe other; and upon determining the shield and the germicidal source aresaid in proximity with each other, activating the power supply circuitryin accordance with a predetermined first set of operating parameters forthe apparatus; and upon receiving input of the second disinfection mode:determining whether the shield and the germicidal source are said inproximity with each other or said out of proximity with each other; upondetermining the shield and the germicidal source are said in proximitywith each other, activating a corrective action for the germicidalsource and/or the shield to be moved said out of proximity with theother; and upon determining the shield and the germicidal source aresaid out of proximity with each other, activating the power supplycircuitry in accordance with a predetermined second set of operatingparameters for the apparatus different from the first set of operatingparameters.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined firstand second sets of operating parameters comprise different amounts ofpower supplied from the power supply circuitry to operate the germicidalsource.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the predetermined first setof operating parameters comprises a lower amount of power to operate thegermicidal source than the predetermined second set of operatingparameters.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an airmoving device to draw air into the interior cavity when the germicidalsource and the shield are in proximity with each other.
 5. The apparatusof claim 4, wherein the predetermined first and second sets of operatingparameters comprise different speeds at which to operate the air movingdevice.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the predetermined first setof operating parameters comprises a higher speed to operate the airmoving device than the predetermined second set of operating parameters.7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the storage medium is void ofprogram instructions for activating the air moving device upon receivinginput of the second disinfection mode.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the germicidal source comprises: a germicidal lamp; atransparent barrier circumjacent the germicidal lamp forming a plenumaround the germicidal lamp; and an air moving device to draw air intothe plenum.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a sensor todetect movement and/or occupancy within an ambient of the apparatus; andan actuator coupled to the germicidal source or to the shield, whereinthe program instructions for activating the corrective actions for thegermicidal source and/or the shield to be moved comprise activating theactuator; and wherein the storage medium further comprises programinstructions for: activating the sensor to operate upon receiving inputof the first disinfection mode; and upon not detecting movement and/oroccupancy for a preset duration, activating the actuator to move thegermicidal source or the shield out of said proximity with the other.10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the germicidal source is one of aplurality of germicidal sources of the apparatus coupled to the powersupply circuitry, and wherein the storage medium comprises programinstructions for: activating the power supply circuitry to selectivelyoperate a subset of the multiple germicidal sources upon receiving inputof the first disinfection mode and upon determining the shield and thegermicidal source are in proximity with each other; and activating thepower supply circuitry to selectively operate a different subset of themultiple germicidal sources upon receiving input of the seconddisinfection mode and upon determining the shield and the germicidalsource are not in proximity with each other.
 11. The apparatus of claim1, wherein the germicidal source is a germicidal lamp.
 12. The apparatusof claim 1, wherein the germicidal source is a source of germicidalplasma, germicidal vapor, germicidal liquid, and/or germicidal gas.13-24. (canceled)
 25. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the shield is achamber, and wherein the chamber comprises: a port dimensionallyconfigured to receive the germicidal source; and a plenum extendingbetween the port and the air moving device and/or an air inlet of thechamber.
 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the germicidal source isa germicidal lamp, and wherein the plenum comprises sidewalls that aretransparent to germicidal light projected from the germicidal lamp. 27.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the germicidal lamp is an ultravioletlamp, and wherein the apparatus further comprises: first and second airoutlets to exhaust air from the plenum, wherein the first air outletcomprises an ozone reducing device; and an air flow regulator arrangedand configured to selectively allow air flow through the first airoutlet and selectively allow air flow through the second air outlet,wherein the storage medium comprises program instructions forcontrolling the air flow regulator such that: air is routed through thefirst air outlet when the power supply circuitry is activated inaccordance with the predetermined first set of operating parameters; andair is routed through the second air outlet when the power supplycircuitry is activated in accordance with the predetermined second setof operating parameters.
 28. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein thepredetermined first and second sets of operating parameters comprisedifferent durations for operating the germicidal source.
 29. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the germicidal source is a pulsedgermicidal source, and wherein the predetermined first and second setsof operating parameters comprise different frequencies to pulseoperation of the germicidal source.
 30. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the first disinfection mode comprises a first subsetdisinfection mode for primarily disinfecting air inside the interiorcavity and a second subset disinfection mode for primarily disinfectingone or more objects inside the interior cavity.
 31. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising: an additional sensor to detect movementand/or occupancy within an ambient of the apparatus; and an actuatorcoupled to the germicidal source or to the shield, wherein the programinstructions for activating the corrective actions for the germicidalsource and/or the shield to be moved comprise activating the actuator;and wherein the storage medium further comprises program instructionsfor: activating the additional sensor to operate prior to activating thepower supply circuitry in accordance with the predetermined second setof operating parameters; inhibiting activation of the power supplycircuitry upon the additional sensor detecting movement and/or occupancyprior to said activating the power supply circuitry in accordance withthe predetermined second set of operating parameters; terminatingoperation of the germicidal source upon the additional sensor detectingmovement and/or occupancy subsequent to said activating the power supplycircuitry in accordance with the predetermined second set of operatingparameters; upon said inhibiting activation of the power supplycircuitry or terminating operation of the germicidal source, activatingthe actuator such that the shield and the germicidal source are said inproximity with each other; and subsequently activating the power supplycircuitry to operate the germicidal source.
 32. The apparatus of claim1, wherein the shield is a chamber or is configured in accompanimentwith features of the apparatus to form a chamber sufficient to encasethe germicidal source within the interior cavity of the apparatus whenthe shield and the germicidal source are said in proximity with eachother, and wherein the chamber comprises: an input port accessing theinterior cavity, a door to open and close the input port; and one ormore shelves and/or baskets arranged along one or more interior walls ofthe chamber and/or along an interior portion of the door.
 33. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a heat shield and/ora heat sink.
 34. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shield is achamber or is configured in accompaniment with features of the apparatusto form a chamber sufficient to encase the germicidal source when theshield and the germicidal source are said in proximity with each other,and wherein the apparatus further comprises a cooling device and/or adehumidifier within the chamber and/or in proximity to an air inlet ofthe chamber.
 35. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a housingsurrounding the germicidal source, wherein the shield is a chambercomprising a port that dimensionally configured to receive thegermicidal source and the housing, and wherein the housing or the portcomprises a seal.
 36. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein thepredetermined first and second sets of operating parameters comprisedifferent speeds at which to operate the air moving device.
 37. Theapparatus of claim 36, wherein the predetermined first set of operatingparameters comprises a higher speed to operate the air moving devicethan the predetermined second set of operating parameters.
 38. Theapparatus of claim 8, wherein the first disinfection mode comprises afirst subset disinfection mode for primarily disinfecting air inside theplenum and a second subset disinfection mode for primarily disinfectingone or more objects inside the interior cavity.